The Day It Happened by Rosario Morales - 1302 Words

â€Å"Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence, is defined as a pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors, including physical, sexual, and psychological attacks as well as economic coercion that adults or adolescents use against their intimate partners† (Peeks-Asa). When it comes to domestic violence many people don’t want to get involved, but if just one person took a stand maybe others would follow and potentially save a life, like the neighbors did in The Day It Happened by Rosario Morales. Domestic violence can happen to anyone at any time, there is no typical victim or perpetrator. The fact that there is no one specific group that domestic violence occurs in more than another, only makes it more difficult to get an accurate†¦show more content†¦In some cases of domestic violence it may be difficult for others to get involved, especially if the victim is not ready or willing to admit there is a problem. In cases where the victim will not come forw ard sometimes all that can be done is talking to the person involved and letting them know that someone is willing to listen when they want to talk. In some cases the victim of domestic violence just needs to know that someone else knows what is going on before they can accept it themselves. If society would be more willing to stand up for the victims and offer assistance, however simple, maybe one person could be helped out of a possibly life-threatening situation. Because it is thought that domestic violence is a problem found in homes most people don’t want to get involved in something that used to be considered a private matter between husbands and wives. It is not an easy choice to make to get involved when it comes to domestic violence and many people choose not to get involved for various reasons. Those who do chose to get involved may have to face the abuser in courts of law if and when it goes that far. This can be frightening for some. Others may consider getting i nvolved an inconvenience if they have to take time out of their lives. For others, they may be friends or acquaintances with the abuser and mayShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Influences from the Writers Background in Rosario Morales The Day It Happened1623 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Influences from Writers Background Rosario Morales (1930-2011) from Harlem, NY, was a very independent and radical person. A feminist, a Marxist, artist, writer, and also an environmentalist (Morales and Levins 2011). The character in The Day it Happened, Josie found the inner strength to stand up for her rights as a women and not accept the part of victim. In this short story there is evidence that there comes a point in her life when Morales too realizes she must take a stand and find the courageRead MoreThe Day It Happened: Feminisim, Machismo772 Words   |  4 Pagesis gone. The Day It Happened is a story written by Rosario Morales, a Puerto Rican poet and activist, who was born in Puerto Rico but gr ew up in New York. This short story takes place in a barrio of N.Y. in an apratment building, which is narrated by one of the neighbors. Morales depicts an abusive Latino relationship during the 90 s where machismo, domestic violence and love coincide to give us a small viewing of how the lives of many Latino womyn were like. The Day It Happened, being told byRead MoreThe Birth of Heroes and the Rise of Filipino Nationalism12139 Words   |  49 Pagesanother pirate attack against the city. The putrid smell of the fumes belies a far deeper reason for this conflagration. The year was November 30, 1645, feast day of Saint Andrews, patron saint of the Manilenos. A year ago, Manilenos were feasting on roast pig and lighting their incenses, made by Indian hands. For religious Manilenos, the feast day is the most important in the liturgical calendar because it ushers the feasts of Saints. Today, Manilenos are neither rejoicing nor worshipping but, weeping

Obama Financial Crisis Summary - 1578 Words

Upon entering office, Obama focused on handling the global financial crisis and the subsequent Great Recession,[43][44] which was generally regarded as the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.[45] On February 17, 2009, Obama signed into law a $787 billion economic stimulus bill that included spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals. The tax provisions of the law temporarily reduced taxes for 98 percent of taxpayers, bringing tax rates to their lowest levels in 60 years.[46] The Obama administration would later argue that the stimulus saved the United States from a double-dip recession.[47] Obama asked for a second major stimulus package in†¦show more content†¦GDP growth returned in the third quarter of 2009, expanding at a 1.6% pace, followed by a 5.0% increase in the fourth quarter.[65] Growth continued in 2010, posting an increase of 3.7% in the first quarter, with lesser ga ins throughout the rest of the year.[65] Overall, the economy expanded at a rate of 2.9% in 2010.[66] The countrys GDP consistently grew by about 2% in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014.[67] However, median household income (adjusted for inflation) fell to $53,600 in 2014, down from an inflation-adjusted $57,400 in 2007, just before the start of the Great Recession.[67] The poverty rate peaked at 15.1% in 2010 but declined to 13.5% in 2015, which is still higher than the 12.5% pre-recession figure of 2007.[68] The relatively small GDP growth rates in the United States and other developed countries following the Great Recession left economists and others wondering whether U.S. growth rates would ever return to the levels seen in the second half of the twentieth century.[69][70] Wall Street reform See also: Banking in the United States Risky practices amongShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of The U.s. Auto Industry1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Problem The year was 2008 and the daily news for Americans could make us choke on our morning coffee. The financial crisis was something out of a movie that could be titled The Horrors from Wall Street. The nasty mortgage mess was having a negative impact on other areas of the economy. The U.S. auto industry was taking a sizeable hit. It became hard to conceive that a legacy industry like 100 year old General Motors could be in deep trouble. But indeed they were and by June, 2009, General MotorsRead MoreU.s National Debt And History1304 Words   |  6 Pagesafter the crisis in 2008. And finally the US national debt reached 120.6% of GDP in 2014 and still kept increasing till today. The surge in national debt during Bush and Obama administrations It is true that there was a surge in US national debt in past decade, the total federal debt was reaching 105% of GDP in 2012 which is the historically highest level since the Second World War. Although the crest existed in the president term of Obama, however, the rise of debt started long before Obama took officeRead MoreAnalysis Of Donald Trump And The Election1422 Words   |  6 Pagesboom and the month of March doesn’t exactly support the idea of an economic boom happening. In 2016 it is stated that previous President, Barack Obama created over two million jobs in the United States, with that being said where Donald Trump’s job creation numbers are at he is still on the right track to adding many numbers to the work previous President Obama did. The unemployment rate in January 2016 was 4.9%, while in March of 2016 the rate was still at 4.9% and by December of 2016 that rate wasRead MoreThe Modern Day Finance World Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pages2007 and 2009 was nothing nice, the modern-day finance world being primarily influenced by financial or monetary concern in the shape of â€Å"financial crisis,† as the whole financial support system convulsed to its roots and as the world went through its worst economic failure and disaster of the current times. I have read many articles and journals on the subject of past crisis that took place, but this crisis, stood out from the rest enough to catch my attention and want to read about it. The causesRead MoreEconomic Growth Out of Recession616 Words   |  3 Pages In 2007-2009 the recession in the U.S economy was long and deep. At some point the economic activity was reasonable in 2008, but the economy overtaken by a financial problems that could improve the economic weaknesses. The economy was recovered in mid of 2009. GDP has been in a stable path since then, although the jump has been unequal and slowed down in 2011. The high rate of long term unemployment and the labor rate has decreased the labor market. In the paragraphs below, I’m going to defineRead More2008 Us Economic Recession1709 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTIONS The  Global Financial Crisis  of 2008 is considered by many economists to be the worst  financial crisis  since the  Great Depression  of the 1930s. It resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the  bailout  of small and big banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. In United States, the housing market also suffered, resulting in  evictions,  foreclosures  and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role inRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The 2008 Financial Crisis1274 Words   |  6 Pages2008 financial crisis, Congress recognized the need to regulate nonbank institutions. Many of the financially distressed institutions were not regulated by the same standards bank holdings were. As a result The Financial Stability Oversight Committee was created under Title I of the Dobb-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The committee was signed into law by Barack Obama on July 2 1, 2010 and serves three primary purposes. One is to authorize and determine nonbank financial institutionsRead MoreAn Analysis of Funding Levels for the US Government and Its Department of Education1617 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Budget analysis is a process that involves the evaluation if a given budget in order to see its efficiency. When conducting this process, it is crucial to locate the problem areas as well as check if we are reaching the set financial goals. The analysis should be carried out monthly, quarterly or annually as deemed appropriate. In this paper, we prepare an analysis of funding levels for the U.S. Government and its Department of Education, identify trends as you look at 2011 budgetsRead MoreThe Impact Of Domestic Aviation Industry On The Domestic Airline Industry1508 Words   |  7 Pagesgreater ramification on the US GDP as a whole. The report analyzed jet fuel prices between 2002 and 2013, a period that was marked by the occurrence of the bursting of the housing market bubble coupled with the sequential occurrence of the global financial crisis, events that resulted in the increase in jet fuel prices(United States Government Accountability Office, 2014).. GAO (2014) reported the results from the report indicated that the prices quadrupled over the 11-year period, from $ 0.72 per gallonRead MoreEssay on U.S. Health Care Timeline921 Words   |  4 Pages[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | 1950 | Most American receives their health coverage through the private insurance market, usually through their jobs. Many people buy insurance on their own in the individual market. Since coverage from private companies is the largest surge of insurance for Americans

School Rules free essay sample

Essay Class At my old school, West Philly Highwe could bring our cell phones in the building during the day but, they had to be in our locker. We had dress down day jus so we could feel like our individual selves. They didn’t have a lot of strict rules but, they did enforce the rules they set in place. Classroom setting was a relaxing and fun learning environment. Our lockers were given out they day we picked up our rosters at the end of August. We didn’t have to go through medal detectors. Sayre you have to turn in your cell phones in the morning in and you can’t get it back until the end of the day. At the end of school everyone has to stand in a long line just to get your phone back, this takes up to much time after school. The principal is always making announcements about how the school is suppose to be going. We will write a custom essay sample on School Rules or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the school is making a big deal about the PSSA a test that I never took had to take before because I always went to Catholic school. In the morning it takes a long time to get in the building because you have to stand in line and you have to be checked by security. Students of Sayre often complain about getting search by security and having to check their phones into the person that’s at the door. With people always talking over the loud speaker both the teachers and students complain that they can’t focus on their school work. All announcements should be made in the morning during advisory this way more work can be done. I don’t like the environment because it’s many distractions for me. Coming from school I’m not use to some of the stuff that goes on at public. Being checked early in the morning is too much to do because some people aren’t morning people at all. We should be able to bring our cell phones to school and keep them. Some people like me have small children that are in daycare and I need my phone in case of an emergency. Giving the daycare provider the school’s main number in case of an emergency I need direction contact to the daycare. I would change a lot of rules at Sayre but it would be only the ones that were just outrageous. The school needs to be more of a school setting with the teachers and students. The administration needs to have more communication with the teachers. This way they can have more control over the students and more of them will start coming to class. This way test scores will go up faster and the school will not be in danger of turning into a â€Å"Promise Academy† .

Work Experience Report Aaron White Essay Example

Work Experience Report Aaron White Paper My work experience placement was the University of Leicester in the Computer Centre. Although I was at a learning establishment the environment was office-like. In the University there are about 750 people employed there, but I only worked with 11 of them. In the Computer Centre I was given a range of tasks which included simple things like fixing floppy disks to more difficult things like working on the help desk trying to fix more complicated problems. For the first week I arrived at work by car and I caught the bus the second week, both weeks I was picked up at 5:00 by car. Before arriving at the Computer Centre I was feeling extremely nervous because I felt like I was going to an unknown place where I might not have been accepted or liked by my colleagues. I was also quite worried about the hours I had to work as I knew they would be very different to the time spent in school. I hoped that while I was working that everyone would accept me and invite me into their group, and that the work I was given would not push me beyond my limit. Before I started work I made sure all of my things were prepared the night before and I set my alarm to wake me up early, just to make sure I arrived on time. On the first day I arrived at the Computer Centre at 9:20 ready for my meeting at 9:30 We will write a custom essay sample on Work Experience Report Aaron White specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Work Experience Report Aaron White specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Work Experience Report Aaron White specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While I was on work experience I learnt and developed a lot of skills. The main skill that I developed was my communication skills as I had to spend a lot of time on the help desk, answering phone calls and helping users with various problems. The main skill that I learnt was the art of fixing floppy disks, as a lot of the problems on site were to do with work being saved to a corrupt floppy disk, with users expecting us to fix them. The most pleasing and surprising thing that happened was on the last day, when it was arranged for me to meet a lecturer of Computer Science to explain to me what was involved in the course and what qualifications I should have before I try and enter for the course. Overall work experience was amazingly enjoyable. It was a very different time from school and gave me an insight into the working world. I enjoyed it most of all because the people were friendly and inviting and the tasks were taxing enough without being over complicated. This also gave me an insight into IT and the university and has not discouraged me from the University or the industry. I did not have any difficulties as such, but the most complicated thing of the whole two weeks was working on the help desk in the Computer Centre. This was where the most complicated problems were handed to and they included problems involving Macs and laptops, but luckily enough I managed to overcome these with the help of the team.  The most interesting thing about work experience was the help desk in the library. This was the most fun thing on the placement as I got to work with the students in helping them with more simple problems, which included getting the printer to work and bringing back their work which they had managed to delete and not save. That thing that let the placement down the most was the planning of it all, some days I was told that I could do things and others I carried on with an ongoing project, but this was not a big deal and did not affect the atmosphere of the experience. I would say that I got on well with everyone I worked with in the two weeks I spent at the University. Most of the people were still quite young and understood my position, relating to their own work experience, and trying to make it better for myself. The atmosphere in the machine room (where I spent a lot of time) was relaxed and this helped me to settle in. Everyone knew when to be fun and when to be serious and this lightened up the two weeks. If I was to go on work experience again I would like to return to the University in the Computer Centre. I think this because it was very enjoyable with enough interesting work to keep me occupied. It was also a very friendly environment that I do not think I could find anywhere else in any other place. In my opinion I think this would be a good place to send someone that is interested in all aspects of IT, as it is educational and relaxed, which means that you can take more of the information in that you are told. Work experience has not helped me in my career decision, as I already knew that I wanted to work in the IT industry, but it has help enforce my decision and I would still like to pursue this option further.  At the university there are not actually any jobs available for school leavers, as the positions are filled by post-graduates and long time professionals. At the University they like to have professional people with knowledge of what they are doing working for them. This type of job has many advantages, as the way the world is going every aspect of IT will be needed soon in almost every company. The pay is also very high if you decide to specialise in something specific or lead a team of professionals. Although the jobs have their high points they also have disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is the amount of courses on offer, as there are thousands, each relating to specific things, and this can cause problems when looking to go into a wide area. Looking back on work experience I feel very pleased with myself as I went into an unknown environment and came out with a wider view of what happens in the working world. I feel that I made the most of the opportunities I was offered as I did what I was told and took it that little bit further, giving myself an edge. I feel proud of the work I produced and my attitude towards it, and I hope these shows in my reference from my supervisors and work placement provider. The only thing that I would like to have done differently would have been the time I arrived for work, somehow I always managed to be early and this made my day slightly longer, but this was not a big problem as I could cope with it. On this whole experience I feel that I learnt a lot about myself including the fact that I am quite a good active speaker and listener and that I should not doubt my skills in future. In general I learnt that the world of work can be very fun and rewarding if you do the right thing at the right time. I feel that the whole experience was worth while and I would hope to do it again sometime as I feel I could further my education and eventual employment in this sector of the working world.

The Colour Purple

The Colour Purple Free Online Research Papers Alice Walker’s book, The Color Purple, brings an often forgotten or ignored subject, that of slavery, gender hierarchy and racism, to the forefront of readers’ minds. The discrimination against individuals because of their colour, background or gender was, and continues to be, present in modern society and Walker draws attention to this with her writing. This essay will analyse this text in five main sections. It will start by elucidating parts of the text on which the cultural and historical context has a bearing. It will then consider the motives and interests of the author. After which, it will reflect on what effects are achieved by the use of non-standard English; it will go on to identify and describe the narrative viewpoint of the text and show understanding of its connotations. Finally this essay will show the reasons for the structure and layout of the text. In this novel a great deal of discrimination is aimed at some of the characters. The reader is shown throughout how race determines the lifestyle of individuals. Black people are seen as only fit for particular jobs and it is frowned upon when they become too successful. Although slavery was abolished in the U.S. in 1865, Walker shows how the impression of slavery was still present, especially in the American â€Å"Deep South†. One example of this is when Mr is deciding whether or not to take Celie as his wife. Celie has no say in the matter, when she is called outside to see Mr she is asked to turn around so that he can have a good look at her: â€Å"Celie, he say. Like it was nothing. Mr want another look at you.† (Walker 1983:12) He examines her, much as a master would examine slaves in previous years, while deciding if he wished to buy them. In the 1980s women, some of whom called themselves feminists, had begun to campaign for equal rights. Women even had the same voting rights as men. New laws were being written and old ones amended in order to aid the push for equality. Despite this, women were still seen to be of lesser value than males in society. Females appear almost to be treated as slaves to their masters, who would usually be their father or their husband. They were second or even third class citizens. Married men at this time, according to law, owned their wives and so marital rape was not a criminal offence. Once again, not dissimilar to the relationship between a slave and their owner. Walker’s character, Sofia, was a lady who stood up for herself and therefore, due to the society at the time, did not fit in and was subjected to a great deal of discrimination. This is shown when Harpo becomes annoyed at Sofia for not letting him boss her around and asks his father’s advice on what he should do. Harpo is advised to beat her: â€Å"You have to let ‘em know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do that better than a good sound beating† (Walker 1983:35). Violence towards women was seen as acceptable and as females were accustomed to it from an early age, it became the norm. Sofia is expected to conform to behavioural expectations but as she actively does not, she is punished. When she punches the mayor and is thrown in jail, the massive class divide, based on race and gender, is apparent. She retaliates to being hit and, because of the huge difference in social stature between a black woman and an upper class white man, she is sentenced to a grossly unjust jail term. Sofia is greatly affected by being put in jail to the point where, when she is let out, she has almost lost her identity. Ironically, she gratefully accepts the job as housemaid as an alternative to jail as her predicament begun when expressing the displeasure of being offered such a job. Because, not only is Sofia black but also a woman, she was placed in the bottom bracket of society, forever fighting a battle against discrimination. There were a number of factors that influenced Walker’s writing of this novel. Essentially, she wanted to bring awareness to the harsh reality of society and the great mistreatment of blacks and of women. Women’s push for equal rights was gathering momentum but, as previously discussed, women were still not seen as equals, especially in certain parts of the U.S. As well as raising awareness of gender discrimination Walker also sought to promote an end to racism. With her writing coming off the back of the Harlem Renaissance, it was clearly influenced by that of political activists like Garvey and Du Bois. How she encourages the reader to compare and juxtapose the cultures of colonial Africa and the American Deep South is typical, in a sense, to the writing of this era. A non standard form of the English language is used through the entire book. At the start, the dialect and use of â€Å"Black English† instantly identifies the setting a without the need for a description, which is clearly necessary as the narrator does not address the reader in the story. The use of this language is important in helping the reader to understand the characters too, especially Celie. As her spelling is so poor and often phonetic, it is apparent that she has been poorly educated and so is probably from a very deprived background. Colloquialisms and double negatives are used all the way through the story by Celie, such as â€Å"But he don’t pay her no mind† (Walker 2008:104). As Celie is not only the teller of the story but also a character in the book and so an innocent or unreliable narrator, it is difficult for the reader to know the exact turn of events. The reader has only descriptions of people and proceedings from Celie’s perspective but this helps to show Celie’s limited understanding of her environment. Right at the start it is apparent that Celie is raped by, as it turns out, her step-father. But she doesn’t actually know what has happened. From this Walker shows how women were victims of abuse and, because they knew no better, accepted this as part of their lives. Walker’s use of epistolary to convey the thoughts and feelings of Celie is an important part of how events are perceived. One advantage it has over direct narration and dialogue is how, when writing to God for instance, Celie’s writing is very personal, and writes things that she probably would not be comfortable saying to someone. Because this is such a personal form of prose, the reader develops a great attachment to the characters, especially Celie. When she writes about her friends, for example her sister Nettie, the reader can tell how much she loves her. Instead of just being described how she looks and what she says, the reader is told about the effect she has on Celie, from Celie’s own point of view. Celie describes events, often inaccurately, but more important than what actually happened, is how she reacts and feels about it. The reader would not discover this through standard narration and description. This essay has looked at how the Historical and Social contexts have influenced Walker’s writing and how they are shown by the treatment of the character Sofia in the book. It then went on to look at how Walker’s intentions were put across by her choice of language, form and structure. The abuse of women because of their gender and blacks because of their colour was still around, despite general views acknowledging the need for equality. One of the main characters in The Color Purple, Sofia, is subject to a great deal of abuse as a result of a situation she wouldn’t have been in if she wasn’t a black female. Walker clearly was trying to make people aware of the suffering of individuals as a result of sexist and racist society. The use of language in the book shows the lack of education, resulting in a lack of understanding of the character’s own rights. The book is written in a very personal form to help the reader relate to the characters and see the discrimination from their point of view. It’s only been twenty-five years since the writing of this novel and thanks to people like Alice Walker, whose outstanding dedication caused millions to take a more thoughtful look at society, the world we now live in is very different to the one depicted in this book. Research Papers on The Colour PurpleThe Equal Rights AmendmentLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesEmmett Till BiographyBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Gnostic JesusIntentism The Resurrection of the AuthorCombating Human TraffickingDeontological Teleological TheoriesQuebec and CanadaCritical Analysis of Hamlet

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical You didnt write that post, but you put your name on it. You hired a ghost blogger. Ghost blogging: one person writes the blog posts, but another person gets the credit, with or without disclosure that the blog uses ghost written posts. Does that seem wrong to you? Unethical? Some say thats an easy yes, but others, particularly in the public relations industry, say no. It depends on how you see your content, and how comfortable you are with a lie. 1. Ghost Blogging Ruins The Relationship Social media and blog content–its all about the relationship now, isnt that right? Were talking, were conversing, were engaging. Its all inbound marketing and in order for that to work, we have to be transparent and open and above all else, be concerned with connecting personally to our readers. In this strict definition, ghost blogging seems like a home-wrecker in our relationship with our audience. Blogger Dave Fleet has written an article about the  ethics of ghost writing  in social media, stating outright that it is unethical if it is undisclosed because it harms the relationship. Unlike ghost-written speeches, where the spokesperson lends their name and approval to the writing by actually saying the words, ghost-written blogs can be published without the named person ever seeing them. Fleet later wrote an article addressing ghost blogging directly, stating that it was wrong. Writing blog posts was part of relationship-building. When did outsourcing your relationships become  okay? Dave Fleet Maybe the question isnt whether ghost blogging is ethical or not, but instead, whether your blog is about relationships or information. Not All Blogs Are Relationships To play devils advocate, let me suggest that not all blogging is relationship building.   Some blogs are purely for information. Just as a writer publishes a book (paper or ebook), you buy it, you read it, you dont assume the author wants to start a transparent relationship with you. The information was the thing. Consider the many reasons people create blogs: Create and cultivate relationships. Develop their image and platform. Frame and speak on issues that affect them or their brand (self PR). Show themselves as thought leaders. Media catching (journalists contact them because of what they found on their blog) for attention. Communicate with the rest of the organization, or shareholders. A pure love of writing. Earning money from ads, sales, affiliates, etc. Attract search engines to their website where their business and products are found. Do all of these reasons really have to be considered relationships?  I know we are trained to think that way now,  but is it the only route? The trend and best practices youll hear now is that all content is framed in a relational and social approach. To be the devils advocate for a moment, I would suggest that it is also possible that you are only interested in relaying information and arent looking for a relationship (ask any seriously introverted writer about this). While you might see significantly different results than someone who views their content as relational, you are, at least, getting content on your site. If its good, youll still be found by search engines. Maybe thats enough for you.

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical You didnt write that post, but you put your name on it. You hired a ghost blogger. Ghost blogging: one person writes the blog posts, but another person gets the credit, with or without disclosure that the blog uses ghost written posts. Does that seem wrong to you? Unethical? Some say thats an easy yes, but others, particularly in the public relations industry, say no. It depends on how you see your content, and how comfortable you are with a lie. 1. Ghost Blogging Ruins The Relationship Social media and blog content–its all about the relationship now, isnt that right? Were talking, were conversing, were engaging. Its all inbound marketing and in order for that to work, we have to be transparent and open and above all else, be concerned with connecting personally to our readers. In this strict definition, ghost blogging seems like a home-wrecker in our relationship with our audience. Blogger Dave Fleet has written an article about the  ethics of ghost writing  in social media, stating outright that it is unethical if it is undisclosed because it harms the relationship. Unlike ghost-written speeches, where the spokesperson lends their name and approval to the writing by actually saying the words, ghost-written blogs can be published without the named person ever seeing them. Fleet later wrote an article addressing ghost blogging directly, stating that it was wrong. Writing blog posts was part of relationship-building. When did outsourcing your relationships become  okay? Dave Fleet Maybe the question isnt whether ghost blogging is ethical or not, but instead, whether your blog is about relationships or information. Not All Blogs Are Relationships To play devils advocate, let me suggest that not all blogging is relationship building.   Some blogs are purely for information. Just as a writer publishes a book (paper or ebook), you buy it, you read it, you dont assume the author wants to start a transparent relationship with you. The information was the thing. Consider the many reasons people create blogs: Create and cultivate relationships. Develop their image and platform. Frame and speak on issues that affect them or their brand (self PR). Show themselves as thought leaders. Media catching (journalists contact them because of what they found on their blog) for attention. Communicate with the rest of the organization, or shareholders. A pure love of writing. Earning money from ads, sales, affiliates, etc. Attract search engines to their website where their business and products are found. Do all of these reasons really have to be considered relationships?  I know we are trained to think that way now,  but is it the only route? The trend and best practices youll hear now is that all content is framed in a relational and social approach. To be the devils advocate for a moment, I would suggest that it is also possible that you are only interested in relaying information and arent looking for a relationship (ask any seriously introverted writer about this). While you might see significantly different results than someone who views their content as relational, you are, at least, getting content on your site. If its good, youll still be found by search engines. Maybe thats enough for you.

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have Essay

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have determined their use in the evolving competitive landscape of many industries - Essay Example The very first word that springs to our mind when we discuss Mp3 technology is "copyright". Inefficient copyright mechanisms can make or break the Music Industry as apparent from the yesteryears hype created by the Music Industry suing for piracy of their music through Mp3 versions of their copyrighted material. The digital age seems to have compromised the concept of copyright material and has had negative outcomes for the publishing, music and the computer industries. An important example of this is the peer-to-peer file sharing system of copyrighted music. The Napster and Grokster cases are a good illustration of the legal response of the industries .The copyright industries themselves have responded with new business strategies by providing legal download services.1The internet has been famously defined as a network of networks, and the denser these networks become; the more complicated it becomes to prevent the bane of copyright infringement and other intellectual property viola tions from occurring. 2Even though the courts have been willing to intervene where there has been an infringement of copyright, the practical difficulties of managing copyright violations arise whenever the "sheer scale" and "speed" of the internet causes high speed reproduction of the material to be achieved without actually being detected.Therefore my strategic analysis of the Mp3 technology involves the stress on DRM technologies to prevent heavy losses to the industry.Further discussion entails the emergence of Ecosystems with in this industry bringing about a collusion of the Singers,Record Labels and online Information service providers as well as the role played by governmental and legal agencies to protect the financial interests of the industry as illegal downloading and burning continue to compromise the industry's ability to invest in the new music talent of tomorrow. When assessing the purchasing trends of any industry it is pertinent to note that the buyers will display certain types of buying behaviors. The aim of assessing the competitive landscape of the Music industry it would be worth employing a Marketing Mix (MM) strategy to tap into the preferences of the consumer base(Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The diagram below shows five dimensions of the customer buying behaviour. Figure: THE FIVE KEY DIMENSIONS OF BUYING BEHAVIOUR (Jobber, 1998) The answer to these questions can be given through direct contact with consumers (in a retail environment) and increasingly by using marketing research for the Music Industry.However there are other issues at stake.The use of information systems for the sale purchase and management of the Music industry has harmed it more than benefitting it.No doubt the online music stores are a testimony to the blessings of the cost efficient era of E commerce and allow Ecosystems to develop in the cyber world thereby integrating the industry to bring about cheaper goods and services. (Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The era of digitalization for this industry began very positively as the dot.com bubble encouraged many small and large businesses to open online stores.Significant record labels also clamored to advertise their merchandise and labels online.The scale and magnitude of advertisement potential available online brought about a temporary boom in the Online Music industry while bringing fringe bene fits for the offline record labels but the entry of Kazaa, Grokster, EDonkey, and Bit-Torrent and their

Equality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equality - Assignment Example In the 19th century, the American society thrived on a subsistence economy where women typically did home-based work and reproductive roles. At the onset a market economy, women called for equal social and political representation in the affairs governing the society. In a seemingly patriarchal society, the French feminism of the nineteenth century grew at a very slow rate (Roth 23). On the face of it, the republican political system was reluctant to support the women and refused them the voting rights until after the Second World War, in 1945 (Paletschek & Bianka 12). According to the various reports by human rights organizations, some countries are yet to conform to the observation of women’s right. In the contemporary world, the modern woman faces the challenge of balancing work and social life. Nevertheless, the protection of women from gender discrimination is paramount for any society. Unfortunately, some countries, including the US, have loose gender policies that aim at giving insurance to the social existence of women (Gardiner  11). The pursuit of gender equality is a major controversial debate that surfaces the modern

Euphoria Case Study Essay Example for Free

Euphoria Case Study Essay Human life as we know has been proven better with a scientific discovery created through the efforts of Pseudoscience Research Inc. (PRI), a conglomerate pharmaceutical corporation responsible for other life-changing advances in modern biological science and technology today. This new discovery is guaranteed to improve the quality of life for most people and would eventually establish a harmonious society human beings aspire for since time immemorial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a lavish ceremony held at the offices of PRI, the miracle drug was unveiled to wide public acclaim. It was described as one of the most innovative and promising invention of the 22nd century. The drug Euphoria is generally regarded as the most effective and best-selling drug since viagra hit the stores. Euphoria comes from the Greek word euphoros meaning healthy. As what its name espouses, Euphoria aims to improve the lives of the majority of people who live life in constant depression, poverty, and hunger by inducing natural happiness and elation. Indeed, Euphoria changes everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a response to the growing demand in society, PRI started to conduct research on a drug that may well be the biological ubermensch of the masses in order to rid of constant financial, social, and personal problems that the individual has to experience on a daily basis. On July 14, 1971, PRI jumpstarted the research on a new medicine that will biologically eliminate problems and hardships of an individual by developing a pill concentrated with endorphins and other happiness-inducing chemicals that will harmlessly alter the genetic code of the person as well as increase the normal endorphin count of the normal human body. Thus, Euphoria was born. Since the drugs invention, it has been tested on human subjects to adhere to the pre-existing laws on animal welfare in lieu with testing. During the early 90s, PRI was threatened with bankruptcy as the company was openly criticized for making an amoral and immoral drug simultaneously. Mostly pro-life groups rejected the idea of the drug, as it did not value human life while intellectuals criticized it as something that is atrocious since it takes out choice of a person to be miserable. But it was a famous Hollywood actress who supported the drug and brought PRI into the A-list of corporations in the world today. The three-time Oscar winner actress argued publicly that the drug has helped her made her career and improved her way of life ever since. Consequently, PRI sales on Euphoria went up by 50% in just a year and soon the company made a name for itself as one of the leading brands in healthcare in 2004. Today, Euphoria has replaced painkillers, anti-depressants, and other small-time antibiotics since it completely prevents the user from getting sick. It has been proven effective with absolutely no side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, stomach pains, chest pains, headaches, fever, and death. Since its invention, the drug has been widely-used by the public and from substantial surveys conducted by PRI itself, it has been revealed that almost 95.457% of the population take the drug as an answer to the problems since there are no other drugs that will enable them to be happy and successful. In addition, that percentage also proves the drugs popularity and effectiveness, as it won numerous awards including the Discovery of the Year recognition from Time Magazine. In 2008, the drug established the name of PRI, becoming the worlds foremost conglomerate in medicinal development. Humble Beginnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credit with the creation of the phenomenal drug goes to Dr. William Falsetto, a Harvard medicine graduate, who got the sudden inspiration of creating Euphoria during a friendly banter over a couple of beers when his colleague suggested him to create a drug that has a natural high without the side effects rival to that of viagra and morphine. Because of his background as a distinguished alumnus of one of the top universities in the world, his credibility follows with his invention and therefore the drugs eventual success. [1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He based his assumptions from an empirical laboratory experiment wherein he carefully tested the number of endorphins that the human body produces at a normal rate. After determining such, he further experimented on the subject with three substantive theories. First is to determine the amount of endorphins that a normal body produces when exercising. In a result published in the PRI research journal from 1991, Falsetto concluded that the body gives off 86% more endorphins that stimulate happiness and elation.[2] However, he debunked his theory stating that exercising is not an activity done by majority of the masses and would therefore cause a low selling and marketing rate. The second theory was to determine the amount of endorphins when eating large amounts of chocolate. The result was also promising but Falsetto soon discovered that chocolate-induced happiness is followed by undesirable side-effects such as diabetes and fluctuating sugar levels of the body. The last theory proved to be the most effective as Falsetto discovered that endorphins could be extracted as a solid powder form and could be placed in regular tablets sold. The formula is of course under strict protection of the PRI, NSA, CIA, FBI, EUROPOL and the United Nations, but Falsetto disclosed in a press interview when the drug reached its 10th year of success that it contains naturally-produced endorphins that add to the natural threshold of the human body and it increases happiness that in turn causes motivation, energy, and a positivist attitude. He boldly added that the drug can replace viagra since it also increases the sexual drive of the human body. Because of his background as a Harvard graduate, the credibility of the drug was never compromised when it went on sale since 1995.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In relation with the drugs almost monumental failure, the Hollywood actress who still refuses to reveal her identity said that it almost saved her life and career. Since then, PRI inaugurated the celebrated actress as one of the chairpersons of the company and eventually her ascension as the CEO of the company. Her statement reached almost the entirety of Hollywoods royalty and soon, millions of people were convinced of Euphoria. Heads of State and royal families soon followed suit, stating the drugs effectivity and rationality over decision-making, political relationships, and terrorist negotiations. The drug also replaced the harmful and illegal drugs such as cocaine and marijuana since Euphoria induced a natural high without the hallucinogens found in the illegal drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2001, 92% of the world population agreed on the use of Euphoria and consequently stamped out the drugs immoral and unethical issues regarding its use and nature. The test subjects widely accepted the drug[4] since the drug contains natural endorphins, and it follows that it marginally increases elation and happiness feeling for the person. Since happiness and elation are important for personal motivation, the drug then helps in changing the mood of the person as well as affecting change with regards to eating habits and behavior. Also, work production has also been increased since employees are now very happy with their work. Euphoria also replaces viagra as a safe alternative since the drug is naturally produced. With health issues, endorphins also increase the white blood count of the body and therefore prevent the body from acquiring diseases.[5] Majority of the people agree on the drug since it is right for the body and life as well as the right thing to do. Its moral issues were disproved since there are no deaths or accidents that are linked to the drug.[6]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1992, there was a worldwide appeal to governments that the standard of living for most of the countries is declining because of unemployment and poverty. However, as soon as Euphoria was introduced to the world, many agree that the drug has saved many lives. It is noteworthy to mention that in one of the political debates in the UN meeting of 2007, the assembly concluded that the quality of life is steadily declining and if the case is not addressed, more human lives are at stake. Either the drug should be globally legalized or the world would continue to degrade in terms of living standards and health issues. Naturally, the drug was finally given worldwide approval during September of that year, and since then, it has been proven effective.[7] However, several pharmaceutical companies rejected the claim of Euphoria to be a universal solution for biological problems. The case went to court, but it was easily dismissed by the ruling that there were no substantive claims to prove that the drug was indeed ineffective. Consequently, it also proved to be the turning point for major and minor drug companies as PRI bought the companies and formed into a multi-national biological research company.[8] Furthermore, since there are contentions with regards the effects of the medicine, it has concluded that the medicines claims are true. Mr. Falsetto received the Nobel Peace prize for Medicine and named one of the 22nd centurys greatest thinkers.[9]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of Euphorias discovery and monumental success, it has been regarded as the drug that saved the world from misery and caused much development in the quality of living for the whole world. There are no more wars, political maneuvering, strife, poverty, and colds. The global quality of life has improved, notable through the many recent milestones in human history such as excessive singing, the development of the cure against AIDS and HIV, and a harmonious societal structure where there is no class struggle and alienation since everybody is equally happy. Thanks to Dr. Willam Falsetoo, the world is now a better place.[10] [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Hominem (Argument to the Man) [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Error of Fact [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weak Analogy [4]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Populum (Appeal to the Masses) [5]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hasty Generalization [6]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equivocation [7]  Ã‚  Ã‚   False Dichotomy [8]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appeal to Ignorance [9]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burden of Proof [10]   Post Hoc (False Cause)

An Epidemic Essay -- Health, Coronary Heart Diseases

The focus of this research is coronary heart disease (CHD) and the vulnerable population in the community in Duval County, Jacksonville, Florida. To understand the population, one must be aware of the demographics of the community in question. Duval County is on the Northeast coast of Florida and has a population of over 900,000 (Duval County Health Department, Institute for Health Policy and Evaluation Research [DCHD], 2008). Of this population, 64.4% is white, 31.3% is black and 4.1% is other races (DCHD, 2008). Approximately 51% is female and 49% is male (DCHD, 2008). Duval County consists of suburban, rural, and urban areas and has a total of six health zones made up of zip codes (DCHD, 2008). The community in emphasis is The Clara White Mission and its surrounding area. The Clara White Mission is located in health zone one and their zip code is 32206. Health zone one is considered the most urban area in Duval County with a population density of 2766.5 people per mile compared health zone five being the most rural with a population density of 177.1 people per square mile (DCHD, 2008). Zone one also has the largest number of minority residents in Duval County, which is 83% of the population compared to the lowest minority in zone six with a population of 18% (DCHD, 2008). In Duval County 41% of all blacks live in zone one. Health zone one has the lowest average household income with $21,815 and the highest poverty level with 26% of the population living below poverty level in comparison health zone five has the highest average household income with $53,972 and the lowest poverty at a rate of 5% (DCHD, 2008). Duval County’s average household income is $41,118 (DCHD, 2008). In 2000, health zone one had the lowest e... ...ck, and 470,000 will have a recurrent attack this year (AHA, 2010). CHD makes up for more than half of all cardiovascular events in men and woman over the age of 75 years old (AHA, 2010). Furthermore, the lifetime risk for developing CHD after the age of 40 is 32% for women and 49% for men (AHA, 2010). In closing, it is apparent that the population, density, income and education, and race may be associated with the CHD mortality and morbidity rates in this population in Duval County. In addition, other factors may be associated with the CHD rates as well, such as behavioral risk factors and access to health care. We need to emphasize the health and wellness of the vulnerable population in the community of 32206 in Duval County. To help these individuals achieve healthy lifestyles and avoid or better manage CHD, for their future we need to create awareness.

How important is performance space to performance? Essay

The question of performance space’s importance in conveying meaning and guiding audience response is complicated. First we must define the term â€Å"performance space†. In a broader sense, it can refer to venue, which in the case of site-specific artists such as Shunt, means performance space is indeed central to the construction and context of meaning. Venues also come with their own sets of conventions and coding, which may alter the reading of a performance. On a smaller scale, it is a defining of areas between audience and performer, therefore having a more proxemics based analysis. There is a tendency throughout history to establish a norm of performance space. This has meant in general, a designated space solely for performance, with audience spectating from a separate area. How separate an area it is has shaped audience response in a cultural sense. The peaks of audience participation have arisen in times when there is close proximity to the stage, encouraging the spectator to feel like another performer. The use of performance space can be an unconscious one. Performers, particularly professionals, must devise or present or work within the performance space that have obtained funding for. The audience member is often not conscious of the use of performance space, focusing instead on the overtly designed aspects of the production. This lack of open awareness is, in my opinion a reason why performance space has a profound effect on meaning. By becoming a subconscious signifier, performance space create an ambience through which we filter all of the overt signs and symbols before decoding, its influence pervades all Within modern performance, venue involvement and performer/audience relationships are gaining wider attention as means to shape meaning and reception, by working with or subverting our cultural norms or coding of found spaces. The rise of the site-specific movement shows both performers and audiences are acknowledging the key role of a performances surroundings. It is also interesting that non site specific work being performed in less traditional surrounds in order to democratize theatre and performance away  from the bourgeois connotations of established theatre spaces (the Edinburgh Fringe Festival has seen several productions performed in lavatories,) In a venue sense, the performance of Winter; The Triumph of Time, in the George Wood theatre emphasised the importance of performance space in contextualising the piece. The performers later indicated that they had expected the audience to leave during the stillness at the â€Å"end† of the piece, as it was intended to become an installation art work, which the audience would in their own time tire and move on from. The vast majority of audience members remained in their seats, showing that they were adhering to the learned conventions of modern theatre attendance; they stayed quietly in their seats until indicated by the performers (through curtain calls, for example) or their technical staff (by opening the exit doors, turning up the house lights or giving cue for applause) that the performance was over. Winter was read as a theatre piece, solely due to its performance space. Venue can also engage senses that are otherwise hard to stimulate. During the performance of Tropicana , I was acutely aware of my sense of touch ;the walls were damp, and often crumbled slightly to the touch. The venue also had distinctive smell of mould. The slimy, unpleasant feelings these created were consciously used within the piece and added to the sense of sensory overload the work was trying to create. These senses are rarely triggered by the performers themselves, leaving venue alone as the main stimulation for two out of five senses. Audience response to work is also influenced by the relationship between audience space and performance space. Rigidly defined performance/spectator areas can lessen the effect of the audience being â€Å"involved† in the piece. This is mainly a question of proxemics; the creation of distinct areas often involves physical distance in order to clarify boundaries. During Winter, due to the design of the George Wood theatre’s auditorium and the performers use of the area behind the proscenium, the audience were about 10†² away from the performers. I found this made me lose a lot of the detail in the  performance, the nuance of the paint cracking and solidifying was lost on me  for example. The distance also created a sense of â€Å"receiving† the production,. I was more inclined to intellectually analyse and consciou1sly deconstruct than to â€Å"feel† the performance and become absorbed by its journey. Tropicana redefined its performance space on several occasions, often with no distinction between audience and performance space. being within the performance, in a sense as a performer oneself, left the audience unsure how to react. Many of the piece’s early comic moments were not laughed at, as the audience were unsure of their role. When , in the second half, we were directed onto conventional tiered seating, the audience were much more willing to laugh at jokes, to â€Å"aaah† at the rejection of one of the characters and to talk amongst themselves, due to the return to theatre norms. Exactly how important a tool performance space is varies considerably with the objectives of the work; Shunt actively seeks to reflect venue through performance, and the piece performed in any other setting would produce far different decodings and responses than were originally intended. With less site-specific works, the link between audience and performance space is less obvious in a venue sense. Yet there is no space that does not add some coding to work performed within it. Even contemporary â€Å"black box† spaces convey colour symbolism and expectations of post modernism. Performance space is indeed important to performance. The venue and proxemics employed for each performance becomes central to the mise-en-scene of the piece, framing the work both literally and contextually. It can convey its own set of conventions and alter the way in which a performance is read. However, these ideas relate mainly to live performance. Performance over other mediums such as film of television would have the added consideration of not only original performance space,but the connotation of how it is received. Bibliography: Tropicana Devised and performed by the Shunt theatre company, 9th Oct 2004 Winter: The Triumph of Time- Cleanliness is next to godliness explored Devised and performed by Helen Spackman and Ernst Fisher 10th Nov 2004

Death Penalty in the United States Essay

I used to think that if you were convicted of murder, that you deserve the same fate as your victim, death. The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment. I believe â€Å"The death penalty is the ultimate denial of human rights. It is the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state in the name of justice. It violates the right to life. It is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. There can never be any justification for torture or for cruel treatment.† Is it not right for our children to be taught that killing is right. It does not solve the problem at hand. If a person is put to death for a crime he/she committed, I do not see how that would teach that person not to commit that crime again. The death penalty is considered a way out in a matter of few minutes for most of the criminals. A criminal is not scared of death, just an easy way out to keep from facing what is ahead for them.The death penalty diminishes all of us. We do not gain anything from it. The Constitution forbids cruel punishment, so the death penalty has proven again to be Unconstitutional. There are innocent people being killed due to human judgment error. With the increasing, use of DNA Testing available today an end to innocent people being put to death can be stopped due to human judgment error. There is a lot of cost associated with the appeal and re-appeals in our system for the government and the state. The hours, time, and hard work put in from lawyers and judges is quite lengthy and can occupy a lot of time in our system. There has been a lot study to determine whether future murderers are deterred by the death penalty. In my research Dr. Jeffrey Fagan of Columbia University states â€Å"There is no reliable, scientifically sound evidence that shows that executions can exert a deterrent effect. These flaws and omissions in a body of scientific evidence render it unreliable as a basis for law or policy that generate life-and-death decisions.† The eye for an eye temperament is slowly becoming unpopular. Taking the life of a murderer is disproportionate punishment. The ones with the least  resources are the most unfortunate. We do not have our rapists, raped or torture the tortures, so why do we kill the killers or murder the murderers? Statistics show that the death penalty is racist. Prosecutors are more likely to seek a death penalty on African Americans at three times the rate when the victims are white than of white defendants in cases where the victims are white. The killers of white victims are treated more severely than people who kill minorities, when it comes to deciding what charges to bring. In conclusion, Capital Punishment is a moral of dishonor. References Clear, T. R., Cole, G. F., & Reisig, M. D. (2011). American corrections (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9780495807483. Death penalty and race. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.amnestyusa.org/our- work/issues/death-penalty/us-death-penalty facts/death-penalty-and-race Dna testing and death penalty. (n.d.). Retrieved from (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/capital-punishment/dna-testing-and-death-penalty Deterrence studies. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/discussion-recent- deterrence-studies Fagan, J. (n.d.). Death penalty. Retrieved from Retrieved from Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/FaganDeterrence.pdf

Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm †English

Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm – English Free Online Research Papers Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm English 1.Yes, our society does have entertaining ways to give young people important advice. There are many fairy tales in which we are told when we are younger that gives us very important advice. For example, the story of Jack and the Beanstalk teaches us not to squander our money on silly things. We then have many movies, TV shows, music, and books that have good morals in them. All we have to do is look for them. Like in Animal Farm, we learn that we should not try to dominate others because he ends up turning into the person/people that dominated over us. So, yes, our society does have entertaining ways to give young people important advice. 2.â€Å"The mind of man is of two kinds, pure and impure: impure when in the bondage of desire, pure when free from desire.† This quote is basically saying that we should not desire. We should just like what we have and not worry about achieving more. This way, we will be happy because we will have a pure mind. â€Å"All living creatures are led astray as soon as they are born, by the delusion that this relative world is real.† This quote is basically saying that we are not of this world. This world is just a stopping place, and soon, we will go to another world. This will continue until we have become enlightened, and find the true world. 3.On the most part, it is not alright to break our word. However, there are instances that it is for the best. Sometimes we have to break our word for the greater good. If someone is in danger, and you told a friend that you would be careful, it would be alright to break your word to help that person in danger. Or, if you promised a friend not to tell anyone a secret, but if you didn’t tell someone, your friend could get in trouble or injure themselves, it would be alright to break your word. It just really depends on the situation. 4.My favorite part of the â€Å"Bhagavad-Gita† is the quote â€Å"The tortoise can draw in his legs: The seer can draw in his senses. I call him illuminated.† I find it very interesting because I find that becoming illuminated is one of the best things to do. This way, life will be good, because a person would not have to worry about what was going to happen. An illuminated person would just be able to live a life in peace, and during a time in which our world is in chaos, living a life of peace would be a great thing. 5.Most people in the United States are not even-tempered in success and failure. Many people are just worried about succeeding in life that if they don’t, they get angry. And with teens, it’s all drama. I don’t know how so much drama can happen in a teen’s life, but I guess it does. So, Americans really aren’t even-tempered in success and failure. Research Papers on Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm - EnglishThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationLifes What IfsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Definition and Examples of Descriptive Grammar

Definition and Examples of Descriptive Grammar The term descriptive grammar refers to an objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. Its an examination of how a language is actually being used, in writing and in speech. Specialists in descriptive  grammar  (linguists) examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Kirk Hazen notes, Descriptive grammars  do not give advice: They detail the ways in which  native speakers  use their language. A descriptive grammar is a survey of a language. For any living language, a descriptive grammar from one century will differ from a descriptive grammar of the next century because the language will have changed. (An Introduction to Language. John Wiley, 2015) Descriptive grammar, Edwin L. Battistella notes in Bad Language,  is the basis for  dictionaries, which record changes in  vocabulary  and  usage, and for the field of  linguistics, which aims at describing languages and investigating the nature of language.   The term descriptive is a little bit misleading, as descriptive grammar does provide analysis and explanation of the languages grammar and not just description of it. Contrast Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar Contrast the type with prescriptive grammar, which  notes how something should or should not be used, what is right and wrong.  Prescriptive grammarians (such as most editors and teachers) attempt to enforce rules concerning â€Å"correct† or â€Å"incorrect† usage. According to Donald G. Ellis, All languages adhere to syntactical rules of one sort or another, but the rigidity of these rules is greater in some languages. It is very important to distinguish between the syntactical rules that govern a language and the rules that a culture imposes on its language. This is the distinction between descriptive grammar and prescriptive grammar. Descriptive grammars are essentially scientific theories that attempt to explain how language works....People spoke long before there were linguists around to uncover the rules of speaking....Prescriptive grammars, on the other hand, are the stuff of high school English teachers. They prescribe, like medicine for what ails you, how you ought to speak.  (From Language to Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999) Examples of the Difference To illustrate the difference between the types, for a descriptive grammarian, the sentence I aint going, is grammatical, because its spoken by someone using the language to construct a sentence that has meaning for someone else who speaks the same language. However, to a prescriptive grammarian, it most certainly isnt a grammatical sentence, because, as the adage says, aint aint a word... (though it is in the dictionary). And just having the word  aint  in the dictionary exactly illustrates the difference between the two types- descriptive grammar notes its use in the language, pronunciation, meaning, and maybe even etymology, without judgment. Its prescriptive grammar that says that the term  aint  shouldnt be used, especially in formal speaking or writing. For a descriptive grammarian to say that something is ungrammatical, the sentence would need to be something that a native speaker just wouldnt put together. For example, someone speaking English wouldnt put two question words at the beginning of a single sentence. The result would be unintelligible as well as ungrammatical. In that case, the descriptive and prescriptive grammarians would agree.

Team Sports Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Team Sports Economics - Essay Example Beyond the scene that regards hosting such events, there are certain synergies of mega-event sports competitions that could result in economic development to the city or even the entire country as a whole. There was a great deal of focus on the economic potentials of the 2012 London Olympics for the city and the country as a whole. Articles have been penned on the economic impacts of the London Olympics not only for the economy of the metropolis, but for the entire country as a whole. According to Great Britain (2012), predictions the GDP growth could have been affected by the Olympics games. The associated ticket sales that had been prepared for the 2012 Olympics games had been estimated to be about 0.1 percent of the UK economy, and the economic effects would be realized in the final quarter of the year (Great Britain, 2012: 45). According to the Word Bank (2012) the economic growth for the United Kingdom’s economy was 0.3%m therefore a contribution of 0.1% on the UK’s economy represents a significant contribution to the economy. on a micro economic level, sports events attracts a hordes of sports fans who troupe into a city’s hotels, restaurants, and businesses and bring forth a lot of money to such functions and the auxiliaries. According to the Office for National Statistics (2012) the visitors to the city during the games summed to over half a million spending an estimated average amount of  £1,290 per person, twice the amount spent by the non Olympic visitors. Preparations for these games involve a great deal of preparation which covers a huge outlay of funds for infrastructural developments. The high level of standards demanded by the International Olympic Committee, which includes the infrastructural developments as well as the security arrangements, makes an intrusion of the tax payer’s pockets mandatory. But despite the huge costs that these events have on the economy, profit must certainly

Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow - Essay Example The author addresses materialism and vanity thematic issues prevalent in the contemporary society and in the process makes the story relevant that resonates with modern literary readers. To pass his message, Kurt Vonnegut manipulates factors that include the setting and the placement of the story to validate the desired fictional plot. This paper puts into perspective aspects of the themes to understand how the author portrays his message. Through the thematic issues he addresses, he does not only earn respect among his target audience but also provides a sharp criticism of his society. Analysis The story depicts the theme of materialism. In this case, the characters strive to obtain clothes, riches, and revamp technology in order to live longer and in the process get wealth wherever possible. The Gramps face similar problems because the number of descendants outweighs the family resources. Analytically, it is easy to state that Gramps demands the best and the biggest of every share. The numerous children on the other hand strive to impress the old man in order for him to consider them in his will, which he has used all along to blackmail them. He revises the will frequently making it difficult for the children to determine any concrete share of inheritance. The descendants strive to appease the old man since only such an action would earn them favor from the old man who coincidentally is not about to die. He maintains a claim in his wealth owing to his long life. The fact that he is even considering taking the age reversing drugs makes the situation even more precarious since he will need the wealth even more. The author puts into use suspense to heighten the theme of materialism in the short story extensively. Suspense refers to a literary style in which the author reveals relative details in the story leaving the author contemplating other subsequent actions in the story. This leaves the audience always willing they had more detail in the story. Additionally , suspense is a style used to sustain readership in either stories or films. The author manipulates the feature by providing relative amount of detail often leaving the reader to imagine the growth of such actions in the story. The author ends the story in such a state thus leaving the audience imagining the future of the society. The short story ends with the discovery of yet another better drug that will make people younger. The current state of the society is appalling as people struggle for the scarce resources. Various literary analysts have criticized the author’s exposure of materialism, which they hold he claims the society if greedy. However, there are those who laud his efforts to earn respect from his audience. This helps in adding value to the story both in the early society and in the contemporary society as explained in this discourse. Kurt Vonnegut adopts his title tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow from William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth. The author uses the adopted line from Shakespeare to create suspense from the title of the story. The setting of the story by Vonnegut is in New York City in 2158 AD. The story revolves around the Schwartz family led by Harold, a one hundred and seventy-two year old man commonly referred to as Gramps. The discovery of medicine dubbed Anti-Gerasone causes panic in the American society including other European

Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Crime - Essay Example ss the road when the traffic signal is Red, I would immediately be followed by a traffic police agent and it would not be long before I would be fined. I have observed this happening with other people, and this has induced a consciousness in me to try to avoid this mistake always in my conscious mind. Once, I was in India on a holiday. There I observed that while traffic rules were the same as they were in my homeland, yet people were not very serious in abiding by the rules. I often saw people crossing the interchange while the traffic signal was still Red. This behavior was particularly executed by the motorcyclists in India. Occasionally, I would see a traffic police officer taking a car to a side and investigating why the driver broke the rule, but the number of offenders in my observation far outweighed the number of traffic police encounters. Having observed this trend, I also crossed a traffic signal at the Red light once in India. While at that time, it felt like an adventure having dodged the traffic police, yet now when I reflect at that experience, it does not leave me with a good feeling in my heart. I feel that although I was not traced by any traffic police, yet it was very irresponsible and careless of me to have broken that traffic rule despite knowing it. Although that did save me few minutes that I would have otherwise wasted waiting for the signal to turn Green at the interchange, yet by breaking that rule, I did a dishonesty to the nation and the state. In addition, I could have been caught had a policeman chased me and I could have been fined in addition to facing the embarrassment. The extent to which people of a certain nation observe and respect traffic laws reflects the tendency of the whole nation to respect the laws and avoid crimes. This is so because traffic is essentially made up of people belonging to a certain society. My observation of the behavior of the traffic of India and my homeland has led me to the conclusion that people

Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work Essay

Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work Essay The introduction of the Care Quality Commission arguably fixes  that which was not broken.   Editorial The Trials of Marriage, The Guardian, Wednesday 1st April  2009.   The CQC came into existence on 1st April 2009. Consider the intended  role of the CQC and evaluate this statement in light of the experiences  of the first full year of the CQCs existence. We need to see tougher action by the commission on poor providers. The commission can impose or vary conditions where older people may be at risk. It can cancel the registration if that is the only way to ensure safety. Areas highlighted as needing urgent attention include record-keeping, medication, care plans and staff supervision. Operating as from April 1st 2009 the Care Quality Commission (CQC) takes over from the role of the former Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) as the registration and regulation body for social care in England, as well as performing the functions of the former Healthcare Commission and the Mental Health Act Commission. The CQC requires all health and adult social care providers to register their regulated activities. Regulated activities that require registration are declared in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2009, Pt II, s 3(1). The intended role of the CQC is to make the general standard of care better, however concerns have been raised about the poor quality of health care for the elderly as almost one quarter of homes for older people provide inadequate care. The CQC has done a lot of juggling in its first year of existence which confirms the statement that it arguably fixes that which was not broken. First, its staff have had to cr eate an organisation from the merger of the Commission for Social Care Inspection, the Healthcare Commission and the Mental Health Act Commission. In addition, it has had to continue its predecessors functions in assessing adult social care provision, evaluating health services and monitoring the treatment of detained mental health patients. There are several health care regulators namely the Care Quality Commission (CQG), the Health Protection Agency (HPA), the Human Tissue Authority (HTA), the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the Medical Research Council (MRC), the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). The CQG regulates all the health and adult social care in England and also protects the interests of those detained under the Mental Health Act. The most recently devised health care regulator is the CQC which seems to be an attempt at encompassing the role and functions of the other bodies. The CQC has made proposals for its approach to the assessments of quality in 2010/2011 for all institutions in England that provide healthcare and adult social care services, and for the National Health Service (commonly referred to as the NHS) and local authority organisations that commission those services. The proposals were set up in accordance with the Heath and Social Care Act 2008. From April 1st 2009 all organisations that are providers of healthcare and adult social care services in England will be required to be registered by October 1st 2010 with the CQC as stated by the Heath and Social Care Act 2008. Registration is not just about the initial registration. but includes initial registration, monitoring and assessment of ongoing compliance, inspection and implementation. The CQC has to undertake registration activities as well as to perform periodic reviews, and special reviews and studies and to publish information on its findings. A new legal framework has been created to facilitate the new regulation system that is the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Registration Requirement Regulations 2009). The Health and Social Care Act 2008 gives the CQC extended powers. It can issue enforcement notices, withdraw provider bodies rights to provide services entirely or can issue certain conditions of service/registration if it decides it is necessary to do so. Its enforcement options range from minor to very serious sanctions depending on the service affected degree of risk or service disruption. However the CQC stresses it wants the regulatory system to drive and support the healthcare and adult social services organisations to improve and raise standards and to be based on fairness and transparency. On its official website the NHS describes the intended role of the CQC a regulator which makes sure that the voices of people who use health and adult social care services are heard by asking people to share their experiences of care services. It makes sure that users views are at the heart of its reports and reviews. In some cases patients and their carers  work alongside inspectors to provide a users view of services. The reality and whether the CQC has successfully achieved the goals the NHS mentioned is arguable. The CQC is responsible to make sure that essential common standards of quality are met everywhere health care is provided, from hospitals to private care homes and work towards improving health care services. The Commission promotes the rights and interests of people who use services and have a wide range of enforcement powers to take action on their behalf if services are unacceptably below standards The CQC brought together (for the first time) independent regulation of health, mental health and adult social care. Before April 1st 2009, these tasks were carried out by the Healthcare Commission, the Mental Health Act Commission and the Commission for Social Care Inspection. The aim of the CQC is to ensure that better care is provided for everyone wherever it is provided. The Commission has greater powers and responsibilities to use and take account of peoples views and experiences of services, and this includes evidence from overview and scrutiny committees. In June 2009, a Statemen t of Involvement was published setting out the Commissions approach to involving people in their mission.   Overview and scrutiny committees working on health issues have been an important source of evidence of peoples views and experiences of health services for the Healthcare Commission. The Commission wants to build on this relationship and to encourage committees to develop an ongoing dialogue with them. Scrutiny committees have a fundamental role in bringing together and articulating the views of local people who use health and social care services in their area, and to check whether their needs and concerns are being addressed by service commissioners and providers. In many ways, scrutiny committees operate like a local regulator, holding services to account. During its first year the CQC has faced many challenges which sheds a doubt of whether the Commission has really fixed a prevailing issue or has fixed that which was not broken. The CQC has had to proceed with the roles carried out by its predecessors as stated in the Health and Social Care Bill, Part II. The CQC has also introduced a new registration system for health and social care providers in English which is the first time the NHS has been regulated in that manner. The new core standards imposed by the CQC will replace the regulations and relative National Minimum Standards under the Care Standards Act 2000 which will be void as from September 30th 2010. The regulations introduced by the CQC will apply from October 1st 2010 (the date when the providers must be registered in the new system). Under the new system introduced by the CQC, instead of being individually registered for each service, providers will have to register according to their respective regulated activity. In September 2009, the CQC had to face a serious allegation about manipulating survey findings. The head of the Development for Mental Health, Louis Appleby, accused the CQC of trying to attract the medias attention by portraying a distorted flattering image of the Commissions work hence undermining the intended role of the CQC which is to be factual and balanced and inform the public and patients. Professor Appleby expressed his concerns about the poor performance of the CQC which the Commission did not welcome. In December 2009, Colin Angel, the head of policy and communication United Kingdom Homecare Association and the Registered Nursing Home Association criticised the Commissions failure to communicate effectively over the system of registration: We are extremely disappointed about the handling of the registration process. We fear that CQC isnt adequately prepared for the enormous communication exercise facing them. Colin Angel also identified the fact that the CQC was missing the opportunity to use the extensive technical knowledge available from providers representative bodies which the Registered Nursing Home Association chief executive Frank Ursell approved. Some service providers have expressed their concerns about the fact that the Commission might have embarked on a mission which was too extensive and challenging to them as stated by the joint chair of the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services standards and resources network: It has been stretched at senior management level and weve had quite short notice of a number of initiatives. Its been a bit hand-to-mouth in terms of its ability to make decisions. She points to the fact that final guidance on how councils were to be assessed in 2009-10 was only published three-quarters of the way through the year. Colin Angel, head of policy and communication at the UKHCA, says: The CQC has lost valuable time restructuring, leaving insufficient time for over 24,000 social care providers to adapt to new standards before they are required to re-register. But Amanda Sherlock, head of operations at the CQC, says it has been an outstanding achievement to pull together the three commissions, deliver business as usual as well as bring in a new regulatory model, while building a new organisation. She says that some things could have gone better, saying that the CQC has worked on how it handles national announcements, so councils and other bodies face no surprises when these happen. Norman acknowledges the CQC has shown itself willing to listen and accepted the concerns that weve had. On provider registration, Sherlock says: We are keen to hear how we can do things better and how we can tailor our approach and communication. She says the CQC has an absolute focus on making sure providers are clear what is expected between April and October when they must register. National Care Forum executive director Des Kelly says for its part the provider sector needs to work with the CQC to ensure registration succeeds. Sherlock admits the CQC has put a lot of time into organisational development but says this has paid off in establishing an organisation that has an absolute commitment to driving up quality and safety across health and social care without defining any sector as special. A year ago, many in social care, including former CSCI chair Dame Denise Platt, feared the health services high political and public profile would make it special. And since Johnstones departure last autumn, there has been no one with a social care background on CQCs executive team below chief executive Cynthia Bower, who left social services in 1995. Sherlock insists such fears have proved unfounded, but says the CQC has been helped by adult cares rising profile. Sherlock, who worked for the CSCI and its predecessor, the National Care Standards Commission, points to her own centrality to CQCs strategic direction, despite not being on the executive team. She also reveals that the CQC will soon appoint a national social care adviser, to provide external challenge and strengthen links with the sector. Kelly says the issue of social cares priority has gone better than I would have predicted 12 months ago. Concerns have also been raised that the CQC would not maintain the CSCIs focus on user involvement. Sue Bott, director of the National Centre for Independent Living, which provides users to act as experts by experience on inspection teams, says involvement is nowhere near as prevalent as it was in the CSCI. The CQC produced a statement on user involvement last June, pledging to conduct surveys and set up consultative panels. Sherlock agrees there is more to do but says the statement has been implemented and the CQCs user involvement team, led by Frances Hasler, who performed the same role for the CSCI, actively challenges all parts of the organisation. One of the key objectives of the CQC is to support the integration of health and social care. Kelly says he has not seen a great deal of evidence as yet of progress on this front. But Sherlock points to the special reviews that the CQC has been doing on issues that cross the divide, including the quality of healthcare for care home residents, which she says will identify good practice and any gaps. These will report in 2010-11, alongside the roll out of registration for adult care providers and a reformed performance assessment for councils. It will be another busy year. ONE YEAR OF THE CQC April 2009 The Care Quality Commission starts work. Outgoing Commission for Social Care Inspection chair Dame Denise Platt raises concerns over its potential to sufficiently prioritise social care and involve service users. May 2009 Former Association of Directors of Adults Social Services standards lead David Johnstone appointed director of operations at the CQC. He leaves the organisation after only a few months. June 2009 Statement on service user involvement published. The CQC announces series of special reviews for 2009-10, including of healthcare needs of care home residents and impact of recession on services. July 2009 The CQC says NHS trusts are failing to comply with child protection requirements in areas such as staff training in report sparked by Baby Peter case. September 2009 DH mental health director Louis Appleby says the CQCHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htmHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htms portrayal of results of an in-patient survey was HYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htmHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htmdeliberately distortingHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm and simply highlighted negative findings. The CQC says many survey results were poor. October 2009 The CQC publishes draft standards for health and social care providers, and holds meeting with mental health leaders over its presentation of the results of its in-patient survey. December 2009 Adass criticises the CQC for its treatment of eight councils labelled HYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htmHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htmpriority for improvementHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htmHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htm following annual performance assessment (APA). Councils improve for seventh year running. February 2010 The CQC says  £2bn could be saved a year from reduced hospital admissions if joint working improves between health and social care in first HYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2010/02/10/113768/cqc-health-and-socal-care-integration-can-save-2bn-a-year.htmState of CareHYPERLINK http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2010/02/10/113768/cqc-health-and-socal-care-integration-can-save-2bn-a-year.htm report. It promises 2010-11 APA for councils will be tougher. March 2010 Care provider bodies slam the CQC for an alleged lack of communication of the process for registration under its new system. The CQC claims it has engaged extensively. April 2010 The CQC is one year old. It starts process of registering adult care providers under new system. National social care adviser appointed. This article is published in the 8 April 2010 edition of Community Care under the headline Many happy returns?

Sub-Saharan Africa Essay -- Africa Geography Essays Geographical

Sub-Saharan Africa Africa is the second largest of the earth's seven continents, covering about twenty-two percent of the world's total land area. From its northern most point, to its southern most tip is the distance of nearly five thousand miles. Africa is both north and south of the equator. The Atlantic Ocean is located west of the continent, and the Indian Ocean is on the east. Width of the continent is also nearly five thousand miles. Although Africa is so large, much of it is inhabitable. Desert soils, which have little organic content, cover large areas. The Sahara Desert, in the northern part, covers more than one fourth of Africa, and the Kalahari Desert is in the southern part of the continent. These two deserts are a natural detriment to the African continent because they make it difficult to reach the inland where most of the people live. Although Africa is relatively close to Europe, travel by land over the Sahara desert is very prohibitive. Another topographical feature that also isolate s the central region of Africa is the coastline. Africa has a regular coastline characterized by few indentations. Because of the smooth coastline, natural harbors were non-existent. Today, however, there are important coastal cities, such as Lagos and Dakar. With the exception of the Mediterranean coast, most of the coastline is low-lying , generally narrow and rising sharply to high elevations. The African climate and topography varies greatly. Although temperatures are usually high, due to being so close to the equator, rainfall, soil quality and elevations are of various degrees. Because most of the African continent has not been covered by water for millions of years, soils have developed according to their weathering e... ...bances began to emerge, and the economy began to drop. Unrest cost many lives, until demands for change were heard and the political system was revised. In 1994, the South African people went to the polls for the first time and held a democratic election in which Nelson Mandela became president. The country of South Africa has made strides in healing their broken country. Economic ways started in the nineteenth century, still have a hold on the countries of the sub-Sahara today. These countries are all impoverished and have seen horrific civil wars, however, the general consensus is that they are making slow improvements in their economy. The starvation, overpopulation and health problems are still very evident. Perhaps continued assistance coupled with education and protection will keep them on the road to stability and more rewarding lives for their citizens.

Describe and Evaluate two theories of the formation of romantic relationships Essay

In 1970 Byrne and Clore introduced the reward/ need satisfaction theory for the formation of relationships. They suggested that we are attracted to individuals whose presence is rewarding for us, and that naturally we find stimuli rewarding if it meets an unmet need; the more rewards someone provides for us, the more we should be attracted to them. They believed that the formation if relationships was linked with the idea of classical and operant conditioning, with operant conditioning we are likely to repeat behaviours that leads to a desirable outcome and avoid behaviours that lead to undesirable ones, so we enter the relationships because the presence of some individuals is directly associated with reinforcement, making us have positive feelings, which makes them more attractive to us. For classical conditioning, we tend to prefer people who we associate with pleasant event, so for example if we meet someone somewhere where we are having a good time, then we will associate this person with this good time and find them more attractive in the long run. Byrne and Clore believed that the balance between positive and negative feelings in a relationship was crucial as relationships where the positive outweigh negative feelings were more likely to develop and succeed. Griffitt and Guay (1969), participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter and then asked to rate how much they liked the experimenter. The rating was highest when the experimenter had positively evaluated the participant’s performance on the task. This study supports the claim that we like people who are associated with pleasant events. This provides strong support that similarity is important in attraction, but also highlights reciprocal liking also is factor in the formation of relationships; however this may not be the only factor influencing this. The experiment was only of an imaginary description, the participant is unlikely to truly demonstrate how they feel towards the stranger. The experiment doesn’t demonstrate interaction of people, but rather just presents a statement about them, which reduces how far conclusions can be drawn. Although similarity may be a factor, how people socially interact is also important to how a person perceives another. In a laboratory experiment, Lehr and Gehr (2006) studied participants of both sexes to test the importance of reciprocal liking. Knowing that someone likes you is particularly rewarding and so is more likely to end up in mutual liking. Participants were given a description of a stranger, with varying degrees of similarity of the strangers attitude to the participants. In each description was a statement that the stranger either liked or did not like the participant. Researchers found significant effects for attitude similarity and liking. However this study doesn’t have ecological validity from where it was done in a lab setting and didn’t reflect real life situation or conditions However Cate et al (1982) asked 337 individuals to assess their current relationships in terms of reward level and satisfaction. Results showed that reward level was superior to all other factors in determining relationship satisfaction, however this theory only explores the receiving of rewards, the results may not be completely accurate though as some people may have picked the socially desirable answers. These studies all ignore natures influence on attraction and that it is to some extent an evolutionary need to have a partner that meets physical requirements. This model may be very culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western world’s individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. For example, Lott (1994) suggests that in many cultures women are more focused on the needs of others rather than receiving reinforcement. This suggests that this theory is not a universal explanation of relationship formation and therefore culturally biased. However, this theory is supported by another theory on how relationships are formed Byrne, Clore and Smeatons Similarity Theory (1986) states that it is important that people are similar in order to be able to form a relationship. They theorise that there are two stages to deciding who to seek relations with first we sort out the people most dissimilar to us and secondly then seek out those who are most similar. Caspi and Herbener found that in married couples, those who were the happiest were those with the most similar personality traits.