The Colour Purple

The Colour Purple Free Online Research Papers Alice Walker’s book, The Color Purple, brings an often forgotten or ignored subject, that of slavery, gender hierarchy and racism, to the forefront of readers’ minds. The discrimination against individuals because of their colour, background or gender was, and continues to be, present in modern society and Walker draws attention to this with her writing. This essay will analyse this text in five main sections. It will start by elucidating parts of the text on which the cultural and historical context has a bearing. It will then consider the motives and interests of the author. After which, it will reflect on what effects are achieved by the use of non-standard English; it will go on to identify and describe the narrative viewpoint of the text and show understanding of its connotations. Finally this essay will show the reasons for the structure and layout of the text. In this novel a great deal of discrimination is aimed at some of the characters. The reader is shown throughout how race determines the lifestyle of individuals. Black people are seen as only fit for particular jobs and it is frowned upon when they become too successful. Although slavery was abolished in the U.S. in 1865, Walker shows how the impression of slavery was still present, especially in the American â€Å"Deep South†. One example of this is when Mr is deciding whether or not to take Celie as his wife. Celie has no say in the matter, when she is called outside to see Mr she is asked to turn around so that he can have a good look at her: â€Å"Celie, he say. Like it was nothing. Mr want another look at you.† (Walker 1983:12) He examines her, much as a master would examine slaves in previous years, while deciding if he wished to buy them. In the 1980s women, some of whom called themselves feminists, had begun to campaign for equal rights. Women even had the same voting rights as men. New laws were being written and old ones amended in order to aid the push for equality. Despite this, women were still seen to be of lesser value than males in society. Females appear almost to be treated as slaves to their masters, who would usually be their father or their husband. They were second or even third class citizens. Married men at this time, according to law, owned their wives and so marital rape was not a criminal offence. Once again, not dissimilar to the relationship between a slave and their owner. Walker’s character, Sofia, was a lady who stood up for herself and therefore, due to the society at the time, did not fit in and was subjected to a great deal of discrimination. This is shown when Harpo becomes annoyed at Sofia for not letting him boss her around and asks his father’s advice on what he should do. Harpo is advised to beat her: â€Å"You have to let ‘em know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do that better than a good sound beating† (Walker 1983:35). Violence towards women was seen as acceptable and as females were accustomed to it from an early age, it became the norm. Sofia is expected to conform to behavioural expectations but as she actively does not, she is punished. When she punches the mayor and is thrown in jail, the massive class divide, based on race and gender, is apparent. She retaliates to being hit and, because of the huge difference in social stature between a black woman and an upper class white man, she is sentenced to a grossly unjust jail term. Sofia is greatly affected by being put in jail to the point where, when she is let out, she has almost lost her identity. Ironically, she gratefully accepts the job as housemaid as an alternative to jail as her predicament begun when expressing the displeasure of being offered such a job. Because, not only is Sofia black but also a woman, she was placed in the bottom bracket of society, forever fighting a battle against discrimination. There were a number of factors that influenced Walker’s writing of this novel. Essentially, she wanted to bring awareness to the harsh reality of society and the great mistreatment of blacks and of women. Women’s push for equal rights was gathering momentum but, as previously discussed, women were still not seen as equals, especially in certain parts of the U.S. As well as raising awareness of gender discrimination Walker also sought to promote an end to racism. With her writing coming off the back of the Harlem Renaissance, it was clearly influenced by that of political activists like Garvey and Du Bois. How she encourages the reader to compare and juxtapose the cultures of colonial Africa and the American Deep South is typical, in a sense, to the writing of this era. A non standard form of the English language is used through the entire book. At the start, the dialect and use of â€Å"Black English† instantly identifies the setting a without the need for a description, which is clearly necessary as the narrator does not address the reader in the story. The use of this language is important in helping the reader to understand the characters too, especially Celie. As her spelling is so poor and often phonetic, it is apparent that she has been poorly educated and so is probably from a very deprived background. Colloquialisms and double negatives are used all the way through the story by Celie, such as â€Å"But he don’t pay her no mind† (Walker 2008:104). As Celie is not only the teller of the story but also a character in the book and so an innocent or unreliable narrator, it is difficult for the reader to know the exact turn of events. The reader has only descriptions of people and proceedings from Celie’s perspective but this helps to show Celie’s limited understanding of her environment. Right at the start it is apparent that Celie is raped by, as it turns out, her step-father. But she doesn’t actually know what has happened. From this Walker shows how women were victims of abuse and, because they knew no better, accepted this as part of their lives. Walker’s use of epistolary to convey the thoughts and feelings of Celie is an important part of how events are perceived. One advantage it has over direct narration and dialogue is how, when writing to God for instance, Celie’s writing is very personal, and writes things that she probably would not be comfortable saying to someone. Because this is such a personal form of prose, the reader develops a great attachment to the characters, especially Celie. When she writes about her friends, for example her sister Nettie, the reader can tell how much she loves her. Instead of just being described how she looks and what she says, the reader is told about the effect she has on Celie, from Celie’s own point of view. Celie describes events, often inaccurately, but more important than what actually happened, is how she reacts and feels about it. The reader would not discover this through standard narration and description. This essay has looked at how the Historical and Social contexts have influenced Walker’s writing and how they are shown by the treatment of the character Sofia in the book. It then went on to look at how Walker’s intentions were put across by her choice of language, form and structure. The abuse of women because of their gender and blacks because of their colour was still around, despite general views acknowledging the need for equality. One of the main characters in The Color Purple, Sofia, is subject to a great deal of abuse as a result of a situation she wouldn’t have been in if she wasn’t a black female. Walker clearly was trying to make people aware of the suffering of individuals as a result of sexist and racist society. The use of language in the book shows the lack of education, resulting in a lack of understanding of the character’s own rights. The book is written in a very personal form to help the reader relate to the characters and see the discrimination from their point of view. It’s only been twenty-five years since the writing of this novel and thanks to people like Alice Walker, whose outstanding dedication caused millions to take a more thoughtful look at society, the world we now live in is very different to the one depicted in this book. Research Papers on The Colour PurpleThe Equal Rights AmendmentLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesEmmett Till BiographyBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Gnostic JesusIntentism The Resurrection of the AuthorCombating Human TraffickingDeontological Teleological TheoriesQuebec and CanadaCritical Analysis of Hamlet

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical You didnt write that post, but you put your name on it. You hired a ghost blogger. Ghost blogging: one person writes the blog posts, but another person gets the credit, with or without disclosure that the blog uses ghost written posts. Does that seem wrong to you? Unethical? Some say thats an easy yes, but others, particularly in the public relations industry, say no. It depends on how you see your content, and how comfortable you are with a lie. 1. Ghost Blogging Ruins The Relationship Social media and blog content–its all about the relationship now, isnt that right? Were talking, were conversing, were engaging. Its all inbound marketing and in order for that to work, we have to be transparent and open and above all else, be concerned with connecting personally to our readers. In this strict definition, ghost blogging seems like a home-wrecker in our relationship with our audience. Blogger Dave Fleet has written an article about the  ethics of ghost writing  in social media, stating outright that it is unethical if it is undisclosed because it harms the relationship. Unlike ghost-written speeches, where the spokesperson lends their name and approval to the writing by actually saying the words, ghost-written blogs can be published without the named person ever seeing them. Fleet later wrote an article addressing ghost blogging directly, stating that it was wrong. Writing blog posts was part of relationship-building. When did outsourcing your relationships become  okay? Dave Fleet Maybe the question isnt whether ghost blogging is ethical or not, but instead, whether your blog is about relationships or information. Not All Blogs Are Relationships To play devils advocate, let me suggest that not all blogging is relationship building.   Some blogs are purely for information. Just as a writer publishes a book (paper or ebook), you buy it, you read it, you dont assume the author wants to start a transparent relationship with you. The information was the thing. Consider the many reasons people create blogs: Create and cultivate relationships. Develop their image and platform. Frame and speak on issues that affect them or their brand (self PR). Show themselves as thought leaders. Media catching (journalists contact them because of what they found on their blog) for attention. Communicate with the rest of the organization, or shareholders. A pure love of writing. Earning money from ads, sales, affiliates, etc. Attract search engines to their website where their business and products are found. Do all of these reasons really have to be considered relationships?  I know we are trained to think that way now,  but is it the only route? The trend and best practices youll hear now is that all content is framed in a relational and social approach. To be the devils advocate for a moment, I would suggest that it is also possible that you are only interested in relaying information and arent looking for a relationship (ask any seriously introverted writer about this). While you might see significantly different results than someone who views their content as relational, you are, at least, getting content on your site. If its good, youll still be found by search engines. Maybe thats enough for you.

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical

Is Ghost Blogging Unethical You didnt write that post, but you put your name on it. You hired a ghost blogger. Ghost blogging: one person writes the blog posts, but another person gets the credit, with or without disclosure that the blog uses ghost written posts. Does that seem wrong to you? Unethical? Some say thats an easy yes, but others, particularly in the public relations industry, say no. It depends on how you see your content, and how comfortable you are with a lie. 1. Ghost Blogging Ruins The Relationship Social media and blog content–its all about the relationship now, isnt that right? Were talking, were conversing, were engaging. Its all inbound marketing and in order for that to work, we have to be transparent and open and above all else, be concerned with connecting personally to our readers. In this strict definition, ghost blogging seems like a home-wrecker in our relationship with our audience. Blogger Dave Fleet has written an article about the  ethics of ghost writing  in social media, stating outright that it is unethical if it is undisclosed because it harms the relationship. Unlike ghost-written speeches, where the spokesperson lends their name and approval to the writing by actually saying the words, ghost-written blogs can be published without the named person ever seeing them. Fleet later wrote an article addressing ghost blogging directly, stating that it was wrong. Writing blog posts was part of relationship-building. When did outsourcing your relationships become  okay? Dave Fleet Maybe the question isnt whether ghost blogging is ethical or not, but instead, whether your blog is about relationships or information. Not All Blogs Are Relationships To play devils advocate, let me suggest that not all blogging is relationship building.   Some blogs are purely for information. Just as a writer publishes a book (paper or ebook), you buy it, you read it, you dont assume the author wants to start a transparent relationship with you. The information was the thing. Consider the many reasons people create blogs: Create and cultivate relationships. Develop their image and platform. Frame and speak on issues that affect them or their brand (self PR). Show themselves as thought leaders. Media catching (journalists contact them because of what they found on their blog) for attention. Communicate with the rest of the organization, or shareholders. A pure love of writing. Earning money from ads, sales, affiliates, etc. Attract search engines to their website where their business and products are found. Do all of these reasons really have to be considered relationships?  I know we are trained to think that way now,  but is it the only route? The trend and best practices youll hear now is that all content is framed in a relational and social approach. To be the devils advocate for a moment, I would suggest that it is also possible that you are only interested in relaying information and arent looking for a relationship (ask any seriously introverted writer about this). While you might see significantly different results than someone who views their content as relational, you are, at least, getting content on your site. If its good, youll still be found by search engines. Maybe thats enough for you.

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have Essay

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have determined their use in the evolving competitive landscape of many industries - Essay Example The very first word that springs to our mind when we discuss Mp3 technology is "copyright". Inefficient copyright mechanisms can make or break the Music Industry as apparent from the yesteryears hype created by the Music Industry suing for piracy of their music through Mp3 versions of their copyrighted material. The digital age seems to have compromised the concept of copyright material and has had negative outcomes for the publishing, music and the computer industries. An important example of this is the peer-to-peer file sharing system of copyrighted music. The Napster and Grokster cases are a good illustration of the legal response of the industries .The copyright industries themselves have responded with new business strategies by providing legal download services.1The internet has been famously defined as a network of networks, and the denser these networks become; the more complicated it becomes to prevent the bane of copyright infringement and other intellectual property viola tions from occurring. 2Even though the courts have been willing to intervene where there has been an infringement of copyright, the practical difficulties of managing copyright violations arise whenever the "sheer scale" and "speed" of the internet causes high speed reproduction of the material to be achieved without actually being detected.Therefore my strategic analysis of the Mp3 technology involves the stress on DRM technologies to prevent heavy losses to the industry.Further discussion entails the emergence of Ecosystems with in this industry bringing about a collusion of the Singers,Record Labels and online Information service providers as well as the role played by governmental and legal agencies to protect the financial interests of the industry as illegal downloading and burning continue to compromise the industry's ability to invest in the new music talent of tomorrow. When assessing the purchasing trends of any industry it is pertinent to note that the buyers will display certain types of buying behaviors. The aim of assessing the competitive landscape of the Music industry it would be worth employing a Marketing Mix (MM) strategy to tap into the preferences of the consumer base(Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The diagram below shows five dimensions of the customer buying behaviour. Figure: THE FIVE KEY DIMENSIONS OF BUYING BEHAVIOUR (Jobber, 1998) The answer to these questions can be given through direct contact with consumers (in a retail environment) and increasingly by using marketing research for the Music Industry.However there are other issues at stake.The use of information systems for the sale purchase and management of the Music industry has harmed it more than benefitting it.No doubt the online music stores are a testimony to the blessings of the cost efficient era of E commerce and allow Ecosystems to develop in the cyber world thereby integrating the industry to bring about cheaper goods and services. (Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The era of digitalization for this industry began very positively as the dot.com bubble encouraged many small and large businesses to open online stores.Significant record labels also clamored to advertise their merchandise and labels online.The scale and magnitude of advertisement potential available online brought about a temporary boom in the Online Music industry while bringing fringe bene fits for the offline record labels but the entry of Kazaa, Grokster, EDonkey, and Bit-Torrent and their

Equality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equality - Assignment Example In the 19th century, the American society thrived on a subsistence economy where women typically did home-based work and reproductive roles. At the onset a market economy, women called for equal social and political representation in the affairs governing the society. In a seemingly patriarchal society, the French feminism of the nineteenth century grew at a very slow rate (Roth 23). On the face of it, the republican political system was reluctant to support the women and refused them the voting rights until after the Second World War, in 1945 (Paletschek & Bianka 12). According to the various reports by human rights organizations, some countries are yet to conform to the observation of women’s right. In the contemporary world, the modern woman faces the challenge of balancing work and social life. Nevertheless, the protection of women from gender discrimination is paramount for any society. Unfortunately, some countries, including the US, have loose gender policies that aim at giving insurance to the social existence of women (Gardiner  11). The pursuit of gender equality is a major controversial debate that surfaces the modern

Euphoria Case Study Essay Example for Free

Euphoria Case Study Essay Human life as we know has been proven better with a scientific discovery created through the efforts of Pseudoscience Research Inc. (PRI), a conglomerate pharmaceutical corporation responsible for other life-changing advances in modern biological science and technology today. This new discovery is guaranteed to improve the quality of life for most people and would eventually establish a harmonious society human beings aspire for since time immemorial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a lavish ceremony held at the offices of PRI, the miracle drug was unveiled to wide public acclaim. It was described as one of the most innovative and promising invention of the 22nd century. The drug Euphoria is generally regarded as the most effective and best-selling drug since viagra hit the stores. Euphoria comes from the Greek word euphoros meaning healthy. As what its name espouses, Euphoria aims to improve the lives of the majority of people who live life in constant depression, poverty, and hunger by inducing natural happiness and elation. Indeed, Euphoria changes everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a response to the growing demand in society, PRI started to conduct research on a drug that may well be the biological ubermensch of the masses in order to rid of constant financial, social, and personal problems that the individual has to experience on a daily basis. On July 14, 1971, PRI jumpstarted the research on a new medicine that will biologically eliminate problems and hardships of an individual by developing a pill concentrated with endorphins and other happiness-inducing chemicals that will harmlessly alter the genetic code of the person as well as increase the normal endorphin count of the normal human body. Thus, Euphoria was born. Since the drugs invention, it has been tested on human subjects to adhere to the pre-existing laws on animal welfare in lieu with testing. During the early 90s, PRI was threatened with bankruptcy as the company was openly criticized for making an amoral and immoral drug simultaneously. Mostly pro-life groups rejected the idea of the drug, as it did not value human life while intellectuals criticized it as something that is atrocious since it takes out choice of a person to be miserable. But it was a famous Hollywood actress who supported the drug and brought PRI into the A-list of corporations in the world today. The three-time Oscar winner actress argued publicly that the drug has helped her made her career and improved her way of life ever since. Consequently, PRI sales on Euphoria went up by 50% in just a year and soon the company made a name for itself as one of the leading brands in healthcare in 2004. Today, Euphoria has replaced painkillers, anti-depressants, and other small-time antibiotics since it completely prevents the user from getting sick. It has been proven effective with absolutely no side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, stomach pains, chest pains, headaches, fever, and death. Since its invention, the drug has been widely-used by the public and from substantial surveys conducted by PRI itself, it has been revealed that almost 95.457% of the population take the drug as an answer to the problems since there are no other drugs that will enable them to be happy and successful. In addition, that percentage also proves the drugs popularity and effectiveness, as it won numerous awards including the Discovery of the Year recognition from Time Magazine. In 2008, the drug established the name of PRI, becoming the worlds foremost conglomerate in medicinal development. Humble Beginnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credit with the creation of the phenomenal drug goes to Dr. William Falsetto, a Harvard medicine graduate, who got the sudden inspiration of creating Euphoria during a friendly banter over a couple of beers when his colleague suggested him to create a drug that has a natural high without the side effects rival to that of viagra and morphine. Because of his background as a distinguished alumnus of one of the top universities in the world, his credibility follows with his invention and therefore the drugs eventual success. [1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He based his assumptions from an empirical laboratory experiment wherein he carefully tested the number of endorphins that the human body produces at a normal rate. After determining such, he further experimented on the subject with three substantive theories. First is to determine the amount of endorphins that a normal body produces when exercising. In a result published in the PRI research journal from 1991, Falsetto concluded that the body gives off 86% more endorphins that stimulate happiness and elation.[2] However, he debunked his theory stating that exercising is not an activity done by majority of the masses and would therefore cause a low selling and marketing rate. The second theory was to determine the amount of endorphins when eating large amounts of chocolate. The result was also promising but Falsetto soon discovered that chocolate-induced happiness is followed by undesirable side-effects such as diabetes and fluctuating sugar levels of the body. The last theory proved to be the most effective as Falsetto discovered that endorphins could be extracted as a solid powder form and could be placed in regular tablets sold. The formula is of course under strict protection of the PRI, NSA, CIA, FBI, EUROPOL and the United Nations, but Falsetto disclosed in a press interview when the drug reached its 10th year of success that it contains naturally-produced endorphins that add to the natural threshold of the human body and it increases happiness that in turn causes motivation, energy, and a positivist attitude. He boldly added that the drug can replace viagra since it also increases the sexual drive of the human body. Because of his background as a Harvard graduate, the credibility of the drug was never compromised when it went on sale since 1995.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In relation with the drugs almost monumental failure, the Hollywood actress who still refuses to reveal her identity said that it almost saved her life and career. Since then, PRI inaugurated the celebrated actress as one of the chairpersons of the company and eventually her ascension as the CEO of the company. Her statement reached almost the entirety of Hollywoods royalty and soon, millions of people were convinced of Euphoria. Heads of State and royal families soon followed suit, stating the drugs effectivity and rationality over decision-making, political relationships, and terrorist negotiations. The drug also replaced the harmful and illegal drugs such as cocaine and marijuana since Euphoria induced a natural high without the hallucinogens found in the illegal drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2001, 92% of the world population agreed on the use of Euphoria and consequently stamped out the drugs immoral and unethical issues regarding its use and nature. The test subjects widely accepted the drug[4] since the drug contains natural endorphins, and it follows that it marginally increases elation and happiness feeling for the person. Since happiness and elation are important for personal motivation, the drug then helps in changing the mood of the person as well as affecting change with regards to eating habits and behavior. Also, work production has also been increased since employees are now very happy with their work. Euphoria also replaces viagra as a safe alternative since the drug is naturally produced. With health issues, endorphins also increase the white blood count of the body and therefore prevent the body from acquiring diseases.[5] Majority of the people agree on the drug since it is right for the body and life as well as the right thing to do. Its moral issues were disproved since there are no deaths or accidents that are linked to the drug.[6]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1992, there was a worldwide appeal to governments that the standard of living for most of the countries is declining because of unemployment and poverty. However, as soon as Euphoria was introduced to the world, many agree that the drug has saved many lives. It is noteworthy to mention that in one of the political debates in the UN meeting of 2007, the assembly concluded that the quality of life is steadily declining and if the case is not addressed, more human lives are at stake. Either the drug should be globally legalized or the world would continue to degrade in terms of living standards and health issues. Naturally, the drug was finally given worldwide approval during September of that year, and since then, it has been proven effective.[7] However, several pharmaceutical companies rejected the claim of Euphoria to be a universal solution for biological problems. The case went to court, but it was easily dismissed by the ruling that there were no substantive claims to prove that the drug was indeed ineffective. Consequently, it also proved to be the turning point for major and minor drug companies as PRI bought the companies and formed into a multi-national biological research company.[8] Furthermore, since there are contentions with regards the effects of the medicine, it has concluded that the medicines claims are true. Mr. Falsetto received the Nobel Peace prize for Medicine and named one of the 22nd centurys greatest thinkers.[9]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of Euphorias discovery and monumental success, it has been regarded as the drug that saved the world from misery and caused much development in the quality of living for the whole world. There are no more wars, political maneuvering, strife, poverty, and colds. The global quality of life has improved, notable through the many recent milestones in human history such as excessive singing, the development of the cure against AIDS and HIV, and a harmonious societal structure where there is no class struggle and alienation since everybody is equally happy. Thanks to Dr. Willam Falsetoo, the world is now a better place.[10] [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Hominem (Argument to the Man) [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Error of Fact [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weak Analogy [4]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Populum (Appeal to the Masses) [5]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hasty Generalization [6]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equivocation [7]  Ã‚  Ã‚   False Dichotomy [8]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appeal to Ignorance [9]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burden of Proof [10]   Post Hoc (False Cause)

An Epidemic Essay -- Health, Coronary Heart Diseases

The focus of this research is coronary heart disease (CHD) and the vulnerable population in the community in Duval County, Jacksonville, Florida. To understand the population, one must be aware of the demographics of the community in question. Duval County is on the Northeast coast of Florida and has a population of over 900,000 (Duval County Health Department, Institute for Health Policy and Evaluation Research [DCHD], 2008). Of this population, 64.4% is white, 31.3% is black and 4.1% is other races (DCHD, 2008). Approximately 51% is female and 49% is male (DCHD, 2008). Duval County consists of suburban, rural, and urban areas and has a total of six health zones made up of zip codes (DCHD, 2008). The community in emphasis is The Clara White Mission and its surrounding area. The Clara White Mission is located in health zone one and their zip code is 32206. Health zone one is considered the most urban area in Duval County with a population density of 2766.5 people per mile compared health zone five being the most rural with a population density of 177.1 people per square mile (DCHD, 2008). Zone one also has the largest number of minority residents in Duval County, which is 83% of the population compared to the lowest minority in zone six with a population of 18% (DCHD, 2008). In Duval County 41% of all blacks live in zone one. Health zone one has the lowest average household income with $21,815 and the highest poverty level with 26% of the population living below poverty level in comparison health zone five has the highest average household income with $53,972 and the lowest poverty at a rate of 5% (DCHD, 2008). Duval County’s average household income is $41,118 (DCHD, 2008). In 2000, health zone one had the lowest e... ...ck, and 470,000 will have a recurrent attack this year (AHA, 2010). CHD makes up for more than half of all cardiovascular events in men and woman over the age of 75 years old (AHA, 2010). Furthermore, the lifetime risk for developing CHD after the age of 40 is 32% for women and 49% for men (AHA, 2010). In closing, it is apparent that the population, density, income and education, and race may be associated with the CHD mortality and morbidity rates in this population in Duval County. In addition, other factors may be associated with the CHD rates as well, such as behavioral risk factors and access to health care. We need to emphasize the health and wellness of the vulnerable population in the community of 32206 in Duval County. To help these individuals achieve healthy lifestyles and avoid or better manage CHD, for their future we need to create awareness.

How important is performance space to performance? Essay

The question of performance space’s importance in conveying meaning and guiding audience response is complicated. First we must define the term â€Å"performance space†. In a broader sense, it can refer to venue, which in the case of site-specific artists such as Shunt, means performance space is indeed central to the construction and context of meaning. Venues also come with their own sets of conventions and coding, which may alter the reading of a performance. On a smaller scale, it is a defining of areas between audience and performer, therefore having a more proxemics based analysis. There is a tendency throughout history to establish a norm of performance space. This has meant in general, a designated space solely for performance, with audience spectating from a separate area. How separate an area it is has shaped audience response in a cultural sense. The peaks of audience participation have arisen in times when there is close proximity to the stage, encouraging the spectator to feel like another performer. The use of performance space can be an unconscious one. Performers, particularly professionals, must devise or present or work within the performance space that have obtained funding for. The audience member is often not conscious of the use of performance space, focusing instead on the overtly designed aspects of the production. This lack of open awareness is, in my opinion a reason why performance space has a profound effect on meaning. By becoming a subconscious signifier, performance space create an ambience through which we filter all of the overt signs and symbols before decoding, its influence pervades all Within modern performance, venue involvement and performer/audience relationships are gaining wider attention as means to shape meaning and reception, by working with or subverting our cultural norms or coding of found spaces. The rise of the site-specific movement shows both performers and audiences are acknowledging the key role of a performances surroundings. It is also interesting that non site specific work being performed in less traditional surrounds in order to democratize theatre and performance away  from the bourgeois connotations of established theatre spaces (the Edinburgh Fringe Festival has seen several productions performed in lavatories,) In a venue sense, the performance of Winter; The Triumph of Time, in the George Wood theatre emphasised the importance of performance space in contextualising the piece. The performers later indicated that they had expected the audience to leave during the stillness at the â€Å"end† of the piece, as it was intended to become an installation art work, which the audience would in their own time tire and move on from. The vast majority of audience members remained in their seats, showing that they were adhering to the learned conventions of modern theatre attendance; they stayed quietly in their seats until indicated by the performers (through curtain calls, for example) or their technical staff (by opening the exit doors, turning up the house lights or giving cue for applause) that the performance was over. Winter was read as a theatre piece, solely due to its performance space. Venue can also engage senses that are otherwise hard to stimulate. During the performance of Tropicana , I was acutely aware of my sense of touch ;the walls were damp, and often crumbled slightly to the touch. The venue also had distinctive smell of mould. The slimy, unpleasant feelings these created were consciously used within the piece and added to the sense of sensory overload the work was trying to create. These senses are rarely triggered by the performers themselves, leaving venue alone as the main stimulation for two out of five senses. Audience response to work is also influenced by the relationship between audience space and performance space. Rigidly defined performance/spectator areas can lessen the effect of the audience being â€Å"involved† in the piece. This is mainly a question of proxemics; the creation of distinct areas often involves physical distance in order to clarify boundaries. During Winter, due to the design of the George Wood theatre’s auditorium and the performers use of the area behind the proscenium, the audience were about 10†² away from the performers. I found this made me lose a lot of the detail in the  performance, the nuance of the paint cracking and solidifying was lost on me  for example. The distance also created a sense of â€Å"receiving† the production,. I was more inclined to intellectually analyse and consciou1sly deconstruct than to â€Å"feel† the performance and become absorbed by its journey. Tropicana redefined its performance space on several occasions, often with no distinction between audience and performance space. being within the performance, in a sense as a performer oneself, left the audience unsure how to react. Many of the piece’s early comic moments were not laughed at, as the audience were unsure of their role. When , in the second half, we were directed onto conventional tiered seating, the audience were much more willing to laugh at jokes, to â€Å"aaah† at the rejection of one of the characters and to talk amongst themselves, due to the return to theatre norms. Exactly how important a tool performance space is varies considerably with the objectives of the work; Shunt actively seeks to reflect venue through performance, and the piece performed in any other setting would produce far different decodings and responses than were originally intended. With less site-specific works, the link between audience and performance space is less obvious in a venue sense. Yet there is no space that does not add some coding to work performed within it. Even contemporary â€Å"black box† spaces convey colour symbolism and expectations of post modernism. Performance space is indeed important to performance. The venue and proxemics employed for each performance becomes central to the mise-en-scene of the piece, framing the work both literally and contextually. It can convey its own set of conventions and alter the way in which a performance is read. However, these ideas relate mainly to live performance. Performance over other mediums such as film of television would have the added consideration of not only original performance space,but the connotation of how it is received. Bibliography: Tropicana Devised and performed by the Shunt theatre company, 9th Oct 2004 Winter: The Triumph of Time- Cleanliness is next to godliness explored Devised and performed by Helen Spackman and Ernst Fisher 10th Nov 2004

Death Penalty in the United States Essay

I used to think that if you were convicted of murder, that you deserve the same fate as your victim, death. The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment. I believe â€Å"The death penalty is the ultimate denial of human rights. It is the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state in the name of justice. It violates the right to life. It is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. There can never be any justification for torture or for cruel treatment.† Is it not right for our children to be taught that killing is right. It does not solve the problem at hand. If a person is put to death for a crime he/she committed, I do not see how that would teach that person not to commit that crime again. The death penalty is considered a way out in a matter of few minutes for most of the criminals. A criminal is not scared of death, just an easy way out to keep from facing what is ahead for them.The death penalty diminishes all of us. We do not gain anything from it. The Constitution forbids cruel punishment, so the death penalty has proven again to be Unconstitutional. There are innocent people being killed due to human judgment error. With the increasing, use of DNA Testing available today an end to innocent people being put to death can be stopped due to human judgment error. There is a lot of cost associated with the appeal and re-appeals in our system for the government and the state. The hours, time, and hard work put in from lawyers and judges is quite lengthy and can occupy a lot of time in our system. There has been a lot study to determine whether future murderers are deterred by the death penalty. In my research Dr. Jeffrey Fagan of Columbia University states â€Å"There is no reliable, scientifically sound evidence that shows that executions can exert a deterrent effect. These flaws and omissions in a body of scientific evidence render it unreliable as a basis for law or policy that generate life-and-death decisions.† The eye for an eye temperament is slowly becoming unpopular. Taking the life of a murderer is disproportionate punishment. The ones with the least  resources are the most unfortunate. We do not have our rapists, raped or torture the tortures, so why do we kill the killers or murder the murderers? Statistics show that the death penalty is racist. Prosecutors are more likely to seek a death penalty on African Americans at three times the rate when the victims are white than of white defendants in cases where the victims are white. The killers of white victims are treated more severely than people who kill minorities, when it comes to deciding what charges to bring. In conclusion, Capital Punishment is a moral of dishonor. References Clear, T. R., Cole, G. F., & Reisig, M. D. (2011). American corrections (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9780495807483. Death penalty and race. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.amnestyusa.org/our- work/issues/death-penalty/us-death-penalty facts/death-penalty-and-race Dna testing and death penalty. (n.d.). Retrieved from (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/capital-punishment/dna-testing-and-death-penalty Deterrence studies. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/discussion-recent- deterrence-studies Fagan, J. (n.d.). Death penalty. Retrieved from Retrieved from Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/FaganDeterrence.pdf

Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm †English

Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm – English Free Online Research Papers Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm English 1.Yes, our society does have entertaining ways to give young people important advice. There are many fairy tales in which we are told when we are younger that gives us very important advice. For example, the story of Jack and the Beanstalk teaches us not to squander our money on silly things. We then have many movies, TV shows, music, and books that have good morals in them. All we have to do is look for them. Like in Animal Farm, we learn that we should not try to dominate others because he ends up turning into the person/people that dominated over us. So, yes, our society does have entertaining ways to give young people important advice. 2.â€Å"The mind of man is of two kinds, pure and impure: impure when in the bondage of desire, pure when free from desire.† This quote is basically saying that we should not desire. We should just like what we have and not worry about achieving more. This way, we will be happy because we will have a pure mind. â€Å"All living creatures are led astray as soon as they are born, by the delusion that this relative world is real.† This quote is basically saying that we are not of this world. This world is just a stopping place, and soon, we will go to another world. This will continue until we have become enlightened, and find the true world. 3.On the most part, it is not alright to break our word. However, there are instances that it is for the best. Sometimes we have to break our word for the greater good. If someone is in danger, and you told a friend that you would be careful, it would be alright to break your word to help that person in danger. Or, if you promised a friend not to tell anyone a secret, but if you didn’t tell someone, your friend could get in trouble or injure themselves, it would be alright to break your word. It just really depends on the situation. 4.My favorite part of the â€Å"Bhagavad-Gita† is the quote â€Å"The tortoise can draw in his legs: The seer can draw in his senses. I call him illuminated.† I find it very interesting because I find that becoming illuminated is one of the best things to do. This way, life will be good, because a person would not have to worry about what was going to happen. An illuminated person would just be able to live a life in peace, and during a time in which our world is in chaos, living a life of peace would be a great thing. 5.Most people in the United States are not even-tempered in success and failure. Many people are just worried about succeeding in life that if they don’t, they get angry. And with teens, it’s all drama. I don’t know how so much drama can happen in a teen’s life, but I guess it does. So, Americans really aren’t even-tempered in success and failure. Research Papers on Jack And The Beanstalk to Animal Farm - EnglishThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationLifes What IfsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Definition and Examples of Descriptive Grammar

Definition and Examples of Descriptive Grammar The term descriptive grammar refers to an objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. Its an examination of how a language is actually being used, in writing and in speech. Specialists in descriptive  grammar  (linguists) examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Kirk Hazen notes, Descriptive grammars  do not give advice: They detail the ways in which  native speakers  use their language. A descriptive grammar is a survey of a language. For any living language, a descriptive grammar from one century will differ from a descriptive grammar of the next century because the language will have changed. (An Introduction to Language. John Wiley, 2015) Descriptive grammar, Edwin L. Battistella notes in Bad Language,  is the basis for  dictionaries, which record changes in  vocabulary  and  usage, and for the field of  linguistics, which aims at describing languages and investigating the nature of language.   The term descriptive is a little bit misleading, as descriptive grammar does provide analysis and explanation of the languages grammar and not just description of it. Contrast Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar Contrast the type with prescriptive grammar, which  notes how something should or should not be used, what is right and wrong.  Prescriptive grammarians (such as most editors and teachers) attempt to enforce rules concerning â€Å"correct† or â€Å"incorrect† usage. According to Donald G. Ellis, All languages adhere to syntactical rules of one sort or another, but the rigidity of these rules is greater in some languages. It is very important to distinguish between the syntactical rules that govern a language and the rules that a culture imposes on its language. This is the distinction between descriptive grammar and prescriptive grammar. Descriptive grammars are essentially scientific theories that attempt to explain how language works....People spoke long before there were linguists around to uncover the rules of speaking....Prescriptive grammars, on the other hand, are the stuff of high school English teachers. They prescribe, like medicine for what ails you, how you ought to speak.  (From Language to Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999) Examples of the Difference To illustrate the difference between the types, for a descriptive grammarian, the sentence I aint going, is grammatical, because its spoken by someone using the language to construct a sentence that has meaning for someone else who speaks the same language. However, to a prescriptive grammarian, it most certainly isnt a grammatical sentence, because, as the adage says, aint aint a word... (though it is in the dictionary). And just having the word  aint  in the dictionary exactly illustrates the difference between the two types- descriptive grammar notes its use in the language, pronunciation, meaning, and maybe even etymology, without judgment. Its prescriptive grammar that says that the term  aint  shouldnt be used, especially in formal speaking or writing. For a descriptive grammarian to say that something is ungrammatical, the sentence would need to be something that a native speaker just wouldnt put together. For example, someone speaking English wouldnt put two question words at the beginning of a single sentence. The result would be unintelligible as well as ungrammatical. In that case, the descriptive and prescriptive grammarians would agree.

Team Sports Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Team Sports Economics - Essay Example Beyond the scene that regards hosting such events, there are certain synergies of mega-event sports competitions that could result in economic development to the city or even the entire country as a whole. There was a great deal of focus on the economic potentials of the 2012 London Olympics for the city and the country as a whole. Articles have been penned on the economic impacts of the London Olympics not only for the economy of the metropolis, but for the entire country as a whole. According to Great Britain (2012), predictions the GDP growth could have been affected by the Olympics games. The associated ticket sales that had been prepared for the 2012 Olympics games had been estimated to be about 0.1 percent of the UK economy, and the economic effects would be realized in the final quarter of the year (Great Britain, 2012: 45). According to the Word Bank (2012) the economic growth for the United Kingdom’s economy was 0.3%m therefore a contribution of 0.1% on the UK’s economy represents a significant contribution to the economy. on a micro economic level, sports events attracts a hordes of sports fans who troupe into a city’s hotels, restaurants, and businesses and bring forth a lot of money to such functions and the auxiliaries. According to the Office for National Statistics (2012) the visitors to the city during the games summed to over half a million spending an estimated average amount of  £1,290 per person, twice the amount spent by the non Olympic visitors. Preparations for these games involve a great deal of preparation which covers a huge outlay of funds for infrastructural developments. The high level of standards demanded by the International Olympic Committee, which includes the infrastructural developments as well as the security arrangements, makes an intrusion of the tax payer’s pockets mandatory. But despite the huge costs that these events have on the economy, profit must certainly