Ch 9 and 10

How be osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? Osteoarthritis commonly affects people 60 or older and is cleard by increasing wear and tear at the reciprocal surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation. On the early(a) hand rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition. It is caused by the consistency attacking its own tissues as hale as allergies, bacteria, viruses, and other genetic factors. 2) When the triceps brachii pass contracts, what movements does it produce? When the triceps brachii brawniness contracts, it produces extension of the arm. ) Why is the inferior region of the elevate joint just about vulnerable to dislocation? It is most vulnerable to dislocation because it is the most mobile synovial joint. Because of this it is frail and relies only on the surrounding ligaments, sinews, and tendons for stability. 4) A high school student comes to the emergency live complaining of persistent pain and asperity in her bring up jo int joint. In talking with her, you discover that she has been outgo many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her schools playground ball team.What is likely causing the pain? A shoulder subluxation is most likely causing her pain. This is a partial derivative dislocation of the shoulder and is caused by her overusing her shoulder. This may cause a loose shoulder where her shoulder envelop will be stretched out as well as the ligaments. This could further lead to chronic shoulder instability. 5) Mary wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of vigor fibers she needs to bugger off and how she should go about it. What would you suggest to her?Mary needs to develop her fast muscle fibers. In order to do this, she will need to begin frequent, brief and intensive workouts. She also needs to create muscle grow which will create an enlargement of the stirred muscle. She finish gain this by repeated and exhaustive excitant which will create more mitochondria. With repeatedly stimulated muscles she can create near-maximal tension. 6) Describe the basic rate of events that occurs at the neuromuscular junction and in the muscle cell.The first step is the arrival of an action say-so at the synaptic terminal, next is the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, then Ach binds at the take end exfoliation and causes sodium-ion to rush into sarcoplasm which is then quickly broken megabucks by AChE. The last step is it returns to initial maintain which occurs if another action potential arrives at the NMJ. 7) many visceral glisten muscle cells lack repulse neuron innervation. How are their contractions co-ordinated and controlled? Visceral smooth muscle cells contractions are coordinated by rhythmic cycles of activity that are controlled by pacesetter cells. ) A hypothetical genetic affection causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the move end plate. Pa tients with this disease exhibit metamorphoseing degrees of muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis in the touch muscles. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? I would use a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase so that acetylcholine is not blocked.If the disease is producing antibodies that compete with acetylcholine than we would not want a drug that blocks it, we would want to inhibit it to activate the muscles. 9) thirty minutes after Mary has gross(a)d a 25-km race, she begins to notice severe muscle soreness and stiffness in her legs. Her urine is dark colored. She wonders whether she may have damaged her muscles during the race. She visits the ER, and the doctor orders several blood tests. What openhearted of blood tests can servicing determine whether muscle damage has occurred?The type of blood tests that can help determine whether muscle damage has occ urred include creatine kinase tests, blood enzyme tests, kidney tests, electrolytes tests, red blood cells tests, and a complete blood count test. 10) Describe a motor unit. How many fibers does a muscle unit hold off? A motor unit is controlled by a single motor neuron. It contains hundreds of muscle fibers that contract at the aforementioned(prenominal) time. All of the fibers will be the same type and the number of muscle fibers will vary within each unit. Usually, the number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit is a plan of a muscles need for polished motion